Fungi
What distinguishes fungi from plants and animals in terms of their method of obtaining nutrients?
Absorb nutrients externally
What distinguishes animals from plants and fungi in how they obtain nutrients?
Ingest food internally
How do protists differ from bacteria?
Eukaryotic, not prokaryotic
What type of cells do eubacteria have?
Prokaryotic
What process do plants use to produce energy?
Photosynthesis
What role do fungi play in ecosystems, particularly in nutrient cycling and decomposition?
Decomposition and nutrient cycling
What is the main role of animals in most ecosystems?
Consumers or predators
What are the three main types of protists based on their mode of nutrition?
Animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like
What structure do eubacteria use for movement?
Flagella
What pigment is essential for photosynthesis in plants?
Chlorophyll
How do fungi reproduce, and what are the key differences between sexual and asexual reproduction in fungi?
Spores, budding, mating types
How do most animals reproduce, and what is unique about their life cycle?
Sexually; multicellular stages
How do protists like amoebas move?
Pseudopodia or cytoplasmic flow
What are the three common shapes of eubacteria?
Cocci, bacilli, spirilla
What are the two main vascular tissues in plants?
Xylem and phloem
What are mycorrhizal fungi, and how do they form mutualistic relationships with plant roots?
Symbiosis with plant roots
What are the characteristics that differentiate invertebrates from vertebrates?
Backbone versus no backbone
What is the role of protists in aquatic ecosystems?
Primary producers or decomposers
How do eubacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
How do nonvascular plants, like mosses, transport water?
Diffusion and osmosis
What are some examples of pathogenic fungi that affect humans, and how do they cause diseases?
Candida, ringworm, aspergillosis
What is the importance of cephalization in animal evolution?
Centralized nervous system
What disease is caused by the protist Plasmodium?
Malaria
What role do nitrogen-fixing eubacteria play in ecosystems?
Convert nitrogen to ammonia
What is the purpose of a plant’s stomata?
Gas exchange and transpiration