Memory and Cognition
What is the process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information?
Memory
Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
What is the name of the process by which infants form emotional bonds to their caregivers?
Attachment
What is the tendency to explain others' behavior in terms of their disposition rather than the situation they are in?
Fundamental attribution error
What is the diagnostic manual used by psychologists to diagnose mental disorders?
DSM-5
What term describes the tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items?
Serial position effect
Which theory of emotion suggests that we experience physiological arousal first and then interpret it as an emotion?
James-Lange Theory
Which psychologist is known for his stages of cognitive development in children?
Jean Piaget
Which experiment studied obedience by having participants administer shocks to others?
Stanley Milgram's obedience study
What is the term for a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness?
Depression
What type of memory allows us to hold information for a short period (usually 30 seconds)?
Short-term memory
What is the theory that argues emotions are a result of both physiological responses and cognitive appraisal?
Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory
What is the term for a child’s understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen?
Object permanence
What is the phenomenon where people in a group are less likely to offer help because they assume someone else will?
Bystander effect
What type of therapy involves the patient talking with a therapist to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings?
Psychoanalysis
What is the term for the phenomenon where old information interferes with the learning of new information?
Proactive interference
What is the term for the tendency to perform better on simple tasks when others are present?
Social facilitation
In Erikson’s theory, what is the developmental challenge for adolescents?
Identity vs. Role confusion
What term describes the tendency to conform to a group’s beliefs or behaviors even when they are incorrect?
Conformity
What disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, including manic and depressive episodes?
Bipolar disorder
A type of long-term memory that involves the storage of general facts, concepts, and knowledge.
semantic memory
What term refers to a biological drive to maintain a balanced internal state, such as body temperature or hunger?
Homeostasis
Name 3 infant reflexes
Rooting, sucking, moro, grasping, Babinski,
stepping
A phenomenon where the desire for harmony and conformity in a group leads to poor decision-making outcomes.
groupthink
What is the technique where a therapist exposes a patient to feared objects or situations to help them overcome their fear?
Exposure therapy