You can tell your patient she is in true labor when you observe these two clinical signs.
Regular contractions and cervical dilation/effacement
The labor and delivery nurse closely monitors the patient during and after this invasive procedure.
What is an epidural?
Moment by moment changes in fetal heart rate.
What is variability?
The escape route can be fraught with challenges to its navigator.
What is the passageway and passenger?
Opioid analgesia during late active labor can lead to this possible neonatal effect.
What is neonatal respiratory depression?
Moderate is measured at 6 to 25 bpm
What is moderate variability?
The patient's cervix is now 100% effaced and 10 cm dilated.
What defines the start of Stage 2?
A pudendal nerve block is an option during this stage of labor.
What is stage 2?
Fetal heart rate that drops as the contraction begins to subside.

What are late decelerations?
The nurse observes a fetal monitor showing 6 uterine contractions during a ten-minute interval.
What is uterine tachysystole?
Nonpharmacological strategies that illustrate the gate-theory of pain management.
What are back massage, acupuncture, acupressure, and intradermal water block?
Left lateral position.
Maternal position that enhances the largest amount of blood flow to the uterus.
Oxytocin infusion dose is increased during this stage of labor to facilitate delivery of the placenta.
What is stage 3?
This can lead to increased pain and ineffective uterine contractions.
What is anxiety?
Mnemonic used to remember fetal heart rate patterns and nursing interventions.
VEAL CHOP
During the transition phase when the laboring patient is dilated between 8-10 cm she might experience this secondary power of labor.
What is the urge to bear down and push?
A pharmacological option for pain management that may cause dizziness and nausea.
What is an inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture?
The nurse's first two responses to this FHR pattern:

Stop oxytocin, reposition patient.
The cervix softens as prostaglandins are released, but this primary power is necessary to dilate the cervix and promote fetal descent.
What are contractions?
The nurse prepares to send the patient home because her contractions are irregular and her cervix is not changing.
What is false labor?
Descent, engagement, flexion, rotation, extension, rotation, expulsion.
What is the order of cardinal movements?