Nervous system
Specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses; consist of a cell body, dendrites, and axon.
What are Neurons?
Involved in alertness, sleep/wake cycles, and motor activity.
What is Midbrain?
Major ions involved in resting potential:
What are Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-)?
The brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing sensory information and coordinating responses.
What are parts of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
consists of a soma (cell body), dendrites, and an axon.
What is a Neuron?
Supportive cells in the nervous system that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons.
What are Glial Cells?
Responsible for higher cognitive functions, emotions, and sensory processing
What is Forebrain?
Major regions of the brain
What is Hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain?
Includes all nerves outside the CNS, responsible for transmitting sensory information to the CNS and carrying out motor commands.
What are Parts of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Part of neuron that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or muscles.
What is Axon?
Divided into hindbrain (medulla, pons, cerebellum), midbrain, and forebrain (cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus).
What are Brain Regions?
The process during an action potential where sodium ions enter the neuron, making the inside more positive
What is Neuron Depolarization?
Components of the autonomic nervous system
What are Sympathetic and Parasympathetic?
A rapid change in electrical charge across a neuron's membrane that allows for the transmission of signals along the axon.
What is Action potential?
The body of the neuron containing the nucleus.
What is Soma?
The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.
What is Synapse?
The state of a neuron when it is not transmitting a signal, typically around -70 mV.
What is Neuron resting potential?
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
Increases heart rate and breathing rate; inhibits digestive processes (fight or flight response).
Chemical messengers released from neurons that transmit signals across synapses to other neurons.
What are Neurotransmitters?
Branch-like structures that receive signals.
What are Dendrites?
Regulates vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and balance.
What is hindbrain?
The process of forming a myelin sheath around axons, which speeds up signal transmission
What is Neuron Myelination?
Decreases heart rate and promotes digestion (rest and digest response).
What is Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
They are responsible for thoughts, feelings, and overall sentience
What are Neurons?
Insulating layer around the axon made by Schwann cells.
What is Myelin Sheath?