Too Little Isotonics
The change is BP from a lying to an upright position often seen with hypovolemia.
What is Orthostatic Hypotension?
The most accurate indicator of fluid volume status.
What is daily body weights?
Body component where most of the K+ is found.
What is the intracellular space?
The lab value above which the client is determined to have hyperkalemia.
What is 5.0 mEq/L?
Sensation occurring in response to increased Na++ or decreased water ingestion.
What is thirst?
Infants with hypovolemia can have visible indentations on their heads.
What are sunken fontanels?
A common cause of hypervolemia in the acute care setting.
What is over infusion of IVF's?
Two foods rich in K+
What are bananas, cantaloupe, leafy vegetables, etc. ?
Two causes of hyperkalemia.
What are K+ intake, decreased urinary excretion, factors causing K+ to leave cells?
Excess secretion of this hormone causes both Na++ and water retention.
What is Aldosterone?
A common cause of hypovolemia seen with client’s suffering traumatic injuries.
What is hemorrhage or blood loss?
Problems with the function of this body system can cause isotonic fluid retention.
What are cardiovascular and renal?
Two GI disturbances seen with hypokalemia.
What are N/V and paralytic ileus?
Two neuromuscular manifestations of hyperkalemia.
What are twitching, SZ’s, paresthesias, paralysis?
Two conditions that cause the kidneys to secrete renin.
What are hypovolemia and low Na++?
An IV solution commonly ordered for client’s with isotonic hypovolemia.
What is NS or LR?
Kidneys stop releasing enzyme when hypervolemia occurs.
What is Renin?
The class of drugs which causes fluid excretion and often causes hypokalemia.
What are Diuretics (K+ sparing, loop and thiazide)?
Identify two methods for treatment of hyperkalemia.
What are Cation exchange resins, dialysis, NaHCO3, glucose and insulin, IV Ca++ ?
This substance is a potent vasoconstrictor as well as stimulating the production of aldosterone.
What is Angiotensin II?
Three clinical manifestations of isotonic hypovolemia.
What are Hypotension, poor skin turgor, weak, thready pulse, decreased LOC, thirst, weight loss, etc. ?
Three clinical manifestations of isotonic hypervolemia.
What are Hypertension, rapid, bounding pulse, increased CVP, edema, weight gain, etc. ?
This method of IV administration is contraindicated for K+.
What is IV push K+, undiluted K+, K+ given as a bolus over a few minutes?
The name of a cation exchange resin that absorbs K+ in exchange for Na++ in the large intestine and it’s common side effect.
What is Kayexalate?
Factor responsible for signaling ECF volume expansion so kidneys will excrete more Na++ and water.
What is Atrial natriuretic peptide?