Fear Stress Anxiety
What distinguishes general feelings of fear from anxiety?
It is future-oriented: anticipation, apprehension, dread, etc.
Name one of the biological explanations for Panic Disorder
a. genetic predisposition for GAD and Panic
b. poor fight-or-flight regulation
c. hyperventilation (CO2)
d. overly attending to bodily sensations
e. caffine or other stimulants
Name one of the potential traumas that bring about separation anxiety symptoms
Death of a pet, getting lost (separated from parent) in public place, parent getting hospitalized
What is the comorbidity rate of generalized anxiety disorder?
80%
How many college students identify themselves as “shy” and say they get nervous meeting new people or encountering unfamiliar social situations?
About half
What is one thing that distinguishes stress and anxiety?
Stimuli: response to recognized threat || potentially unidentified source
Source: external || internal
Length: short-term and temporary || more chronic
What is the prevalence rate of Panic Disorder?
3-5%
What is the prevalence rate of Separation Anxiety Disorder diagnosis?
4-10%
What is the prevalence rate for Generalized Anxiety Disorder diagnosis
2.9%
What is the prevalence rate of Social Anxiety Disorder diagnosis?
12% (3rd most common diagnosis)
What are the two hormones released when the autonomic nervous system is activated
Adrenaline & Cortisol
Name 4 of the 13 symptoms for Criteria A of Panic Disorder
A. Recurrent unexpected panic attacks: abrupt surge of intense fear or intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes + four (or more) of the following symptoms:
1. Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart
rate
2. Sweating
3. Trembling or shaking
4. Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
5. Feelings of choking
6. Chest pain or discomfort
7. Nausea or abdominal distress
8. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint
9. Chills or heat sensations
10. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations)
11. Derealization (feelings of unreality) or
depersonalization (being detached from oneself)
12. Fear of losing control or “going crazy”
13. Fear of dying
Name 3 of the 8 symptoms for Criteria A of Separation Anxiety Disorder
A. Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached, as evidenced by at least three of the following:
1. Recurrent excessive distress when anticipating or
experiencing separation from home or major
attachment figures.
2. Persistent and excessive worry about losing major
attachment figures or possible harm to them, such
as illness, injury, disasters, or death.
3. Persistent and excessive worry about experiencing
an untoward event (e.g., getting lost, being
kidnapped, having an accident, becoming ill) that
causes separation from a major attachment figure.
4. Persistent reluctance or refusal to go out, away
from home, to school, to work, or elsewhere
because of fear of separation.
5. Persistent and excessive fear or reluctance about
being alone or without major attachment figures at
home or in other settings.
6. Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from
home or to go to sleep without being near a major
attachment figure.
7. Repeated nightmares involving the theme of
separation.
8. Repeated complaints of physical symptoms (e.g.,
headaches, stomachaches, nausea, vomiting) when
separation from major attachment figures occurs or
is anticipated.
Name 2 of the 6 symptoms for Criteria C of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
The anxiety and worry are associated with three (or more) of the following six symptoms (with at least some symptoms having been present for more days than not for the past 6 months):
1. Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge
2. Being easily fatigued
3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
4. Irritability
5. Muscle tension
6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying
asleep, or restless, unsatisfying sleep)
Criteria E of Social Anxiety notes that:
The fear or anxiety is ___ ___ ___ to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context.
out of proportion
Name 4 of the manifestations of a fight or flight response (somatic, emotional, cognitive, or behavioral)
Somatic: increased heart rate, changes in respiration, dilated pupils, increased perspiration, adrenaline, stomach acid inhibition, decreased salivation, relaxed bladder
Emotional: terror, restlessness, irritability
Cognitive: exaggeration of danger, problems concentrating, hypervigilance, worry/rumination, fear of losing control, fear of dying, sense of unreality
Behavioral: avoidance, aggression, freezing
Name one of the differential diagnoses for Panic Disorder
D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., the panic attacks do not occur only in response to feared social situations, as in social anxiety disorder; in response to circumscribed phobic objects or situations, as in specific phobia; in response to obsessions, as in obsessive-compulsive disorder; in response to reminders of traumatic events, as in posttraumatic stress disorder; or in response to separation from attachment figures, as in separation anxiety disorder).
Name one of the differential diagnoses for Separation Anxiety Disorder
D. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as refusing to leave home because of excessive resistance to change in autism spectrum disorder; delusions or hallucinations concerning separation in psychotic disorders; refusal to go outside without a trusted companion in agoraphobia; worries about ill health or other harm befalling significant others in generalized anxiety disorder; or concerns about having an illness in illness anxiety disorder.
Name one of the differential diagnoses for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
F. The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g., anxiety or worry about having panic attacks in panic disorder, negative evaluation in social anxiety disorder [social phobia], contamination or other obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation from attachment figures in separation anxiety disorder, reminders of traumatic events in posttraumatic stress disorder, gaining weight in anorexia nervosa, physical complaints in somatic symptom disorder, perceived appearance flaws in body dysmorphic disorder, having a serious illness in illness anxiety disorder, or the content of delusional beliefs in schizophrenia or delusional disorder).
Name one of the differential diagnoses for Social Anxiety Disorder
I. The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder, such as panic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.