Theories of Evo
This scientist developed the theory of natural selection after his journey around the world.
BONUS: who was his rival that developed a similar theory around the same time?
Who is Charles Darwin?
Who is Alfred Russell Wallace?
These are tools in rock that scientists use to trace evolutionary history through deep time.
What are fossils?
This diagram shows the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Microevolution is focused on the evolution of this group of organisms.
This is the age of Earth.
What is 4.6 billion years old?
This concept is the idea that organisms that are best adapted for their environment will survive and reproduce, thus changing the genetic makeup of subsequent generations.
What is natural selection?
These are TWO barriers to reproductive success in two different species.
What are temporal isolation, habitat isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical barriers, infertile/inviable offspring?
A phylogenetic group that includes a group of species PLUS its common ancestor.
What is a clade?
Microevolution measures the changes in frequencies of these genetic factors in populations.
What are alleles?
This theory states that all life on Earth originated from a pool of simple, organic molecules that accumulated in Earth's oceans.
What is the primordial soup theory?
This is the measure of an organism's reproductive success (how many offspring they produce).
What is relative fitness?
This term refers to the formation of a new species as a result of geographic isolation.
What is allopatric speciation?
Scientists use these to construct cladograms. They are "advanced" traits that evolved later and are only present in upper branches of a tree.
What are shared derived characteristics?
This occurs when a population is vastly reduced, usually as a result of a natural disaster or geographic separation. The population that regrows has less diversity and allele frequencies are different.
What is bottleneck effect?
These vesicles contained RNA encased on a membrane, and were thought to the be pre-cursors to living cells.
What are protocells?
This term refers to a phenomenon where one species diversifies into many. A founder species may colonize a new habitat and then local adaptations will drive speciation events until one species becomes multiple. Example: finches on the Galapagos
What is adaptive radiation or divergent evolution?
These are THREE fields of science that provide evidence for evolution.
What are embryology, morphology, paleontology, direct observation, molecular biology, and biogeography?
A group of species on a phylogenetic tree that includes a common ancestor and SOME of its descendants, but not all of them.
What is a paraphyletic group?
This term refers to the movement of alleles or migration, and increases genetic variation.
What is gene flow?
This is the name of the time period where dinosaurs ruled the Earth.
What is the Mesozoic?
This term describes organisms with similar phenotypes (physical traits), even though they are not closely related. Example: the dorsal fin of sharks, dolphins, and ichthyosaurs
What is convergent evolution?
These structures are similar structures in species that share a common ancestor. They may be adapted for a specific environment, but the overall structure is similar. Example: arm bones in mammals
What are homologous structures?
Scientists use this principle to construct the most likely phylogenetic tree based on their data. It states that the most likely tree is the one that is the most simple and shows the fewest number of evolutionary changes/events.
What is maximum parsimony?
This is the formula for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
What is:
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
This is the name of the most recent mass extinction.
BONUS: how many mass extinctions has the Earth encountered so far?
What is the end-Cretaceous or K-T mass extinction? What is 5 (6???)?