Chapter 21
What term describes "labored breathing"?
Dyspnea
A nurse is conducting an in-service on gastrointestinal disorders. The nurse includes that melena, the passage of black, tarry stools, suggests bleeding from which area?
Gastrointestinal tract
What defect is usually found in children with Down syndrome
Cardiac Defects (Atrial septal defect)
When both parents have sickle cell trait, which is the chance their children will have sickle cell anemia?
Sickle cell anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. If both parents have sickle cell trait (one copy of the sickle cell gene), then for each pregnancy, a 25% chance exists that their child will be affected with sickle cell disease.
What procedure uses high-frequency sound waves obtained by a transducer to produce an image of cardiac structures?
Echocardiogram
How should you position someone with a respiratory infection?
Elevate the head of the bed to promote optimal lung expansion and ease breathing.
A nurse is admitting an infant with dehydration caused from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss. Which type of dehydration is this infant experiencing?
Hypertonic dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss.
The nurse is assessing a child after a cardiac catheterization. Which complication should the nurse be assessing for?
Cardiac Arrhythmia
In which of the conditions are all the formed elements of the blood simultaneously depressed?
a. Aplastic anemia
b. Sickle cell anemia
c. Thalassemia major
d. Iron-deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia refers to a bone marrow-failure condition in which the formed elements of the blood are simultaneously depressed.
Which is the usual presenting symptom for testicular cancer?
The usual presenting symptom for testicular cancer is a heavy, hard, painless mass that is either smooth or nodular and palpated on the testes
True or False
Antipyretics are used for hyperthermia
False
Antipyretics are no use for patients with hyperthermia
What are the clinical manifestations for dehydration?
Poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, and tachycardia
Which is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?
Heart Failure
A young child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is receiving several
antiretroviral drugs. What is the purpose of these drugs?
a. Cure the disease
b. Delay disease progression
c. Prevent spread of disease
d. Treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
ANS: B
Although not a cure, these antiviral drugs can suppress viral replication, preventing further deterioration of the immune system and delaying disease progression
Which is the most effective pain-management approach for a child who is having a bone marrow aspiration?
a. Relaxation techniques
b. Administration of an opioid
c. EMLA cream applied over site
d. Conscious or unconscious sedation
Conscious or unconscious sedation
Repeated exposure to a infection can be beneficial, why?
It builds up the immune system and helps immunity to infections
Which therapeutic management should the nurse prepare to initiate first for a child with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration?
Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
What is Kawasaki disease?
Kawasaki disease is an extensive inflammation of small vessels and capillaries that may progress to involve the coronary arteries, causing aneurysm formation.
Which immunizations should be given with caution to children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
The children should be carefully evaluated before being given live viral vaccines such as varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella.
Which is often administered to prevent or control hemorrhage in a child with cancer?
a. Nitrosoureas
b. Platelets
c. Whole blood
d. Corticosteroids
Platelets
Which type of croup is always considered a medical emergency?
a. Laryngitis
b. Epiglottitis
c. Spasmodic croup
d. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
ANS: B
Epiglottitis is always a medical emergency needing antibiotics and airway support for treatment.
Which clinical manifestation would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis?
Pain is the cardinal feature. It is initially generalized, usually periumbilical. The pain localizes to the right lower quadrant at McBurney point.
What is the treatment for shock?
Emergency treatment for shock includes ensuring ventilation; administering vasopressors, fluids, blood, and antibiotics as needed; and providing supportive measures such as correct positioning, warmth, and psychological reassurance to the child and family.
Several complications can occur when a child receives a blood transfusion. Which is an immediate sign or symptom of an air embolus?
a. Chills and shaking
b. Nausea and vomiting
c. Irregular heart rate
d. Sudden difficulty in breathing
ANS: D
Signs of air embolism are sudden difficulty breathing, sharp pain in the chest, and apprehension.
The nurse is administering an IV chemotherapeutic agent to a child with leukemia. The child suddenly begins to wheeze and have severe urticaria. Which is the most appropriate nursing action?
Stop the drug immediatly