Easy
What is the residue after burning?
Ash
What are the primary human activities contributing to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial processes.
Explain the chemical reactions that lead to the formation of acid rain.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) released into the atmosphere react with water vapor, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3). These acids then dissolve in rainwater, resulting in acid rain.
What is the main component released into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels?
Carbon
Describe how global warming can lead to changes in weather patterns.
More heatwaves, extreme rainfall, prolonged droughts.
What are the major harmful effects of burning fossil fuels on human health and the environment?
Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants that can cause respiratory problems in humans and contribute to environmental issues like acid rain and global warming.
In which unit is a calorific value expressed?
kilojoule per kilogram. (kJ/kg)
What are the effects of sulphur dioxide on human health and the environment?
Respiratory issues, eye irritation, acid rain.
Describe how global warming can lead to changes in weather patterns.
Global warming causes higher temperatures, which can result in more frequent and intense heatwaves. It also alters precipitation patterns, leading to extreme weather events such as heavier rainfall, flooding, and prolonged droughts in different regions.
Which pollutant, emitted from burning fuels, contributes to acid rain?
Sulfur
How can high levels of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in the air affect respiratory health?
Lung inflammation increases asthma and bronchitis.
What are the effects of sulphur dioxide on human health and the environment?
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis, and irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. In the environment, SO2 contributes to the formation of acid rain, which can harm forests, soils, aquatic ecosystems, and man-made structures.
What is calorific value?
The amount of heat energy produced by the complete combustion of 1kg of fuel is called the calorific value.
What are the environmental and health impacts of lead compounds released by vehicle exhausts?
Soil/water contamination, neurological damage, developmental delays.
Name all 7 characteristics of an ideal fuel.
1. It should be fairly cheap and easily available.
2. It should be easy to handle, safe to transport, and convenient to store.
3. It should burn smoothly.
4. It should have a high calorific value.
5. It should not burn anything toxic and harmful substances during burning.
6. It should not leave ash(residue) after burning.
7. It should have a proper ignition temperature. It should not be too low or too high like room temperature or high temperature.