Rachel Carson
What was Rachel Carson's primary concern in her environmental advocacy?
a) Climate change
b) Deforestation
c) Pesticide use and its environmental impact
d) Overfishing
c) Pesticide use and its environmental impact
What is Louis Pasteur best known for?
a) Discovering penicillin
b) Developing the theory of evolution
c) Establishing the germ theory of disease
d) Inventing the microscope
c) Establishing the germ theory of disease
What did Darwin discover in Argentina that made him question the permanence of species?
a) Fossils of giant armadillos and sloths
b) Living specimens of giant armadillos
c) Fossils of dinosaurs
d) Evidence of ancient human settlements
a) Fossils of giant armadillos and sloths
What was the main goal of James Watson and Francis Crick's research?
a) To discover the human genome
b) To understand the structure of DNA
c) To study the effects of radiation on DNA
d) To identify the chemical compounds in cells
b) To understand the structure of DNA
Which chemical pesticide did Rachel Carson specifically highlight in her work?
a) DDT
b) Glyphosate
c) Atrazine
d) Malathion
a) DDT
Which process did Louis Pasteur develop to prevent spoilage in food and beverages?
a) Fermentation
b) Pasteurization
c) Distillation
d) Filtration
b) Pasteurization
What is the title of Darwin's most famous book on evolution?
a) The Descent of Man
b) On the Origin of Species
c) The Voyage of the Beagle
d) The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
b) On the Origin of Species
Which four compounds make up DNA, as discovered by researchers over many years?
a) Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
b) Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)
c) Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Uracil (U), Thymine (T)
d) Guanine (G), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Ribose (R)
a) Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
What prompted Rachel Carson to investigate the effects of DDT?
a) Personal health concerns
b) A letter from her friend Olga Owens Huckins describing bird deaths due to DDT spraying
c) Government research reports
d) Public complaints
b) A letter from her friend Olga Owens Huckins describing bird deaths due to DDT spraying
What is the principle behind pasteurization?
a) Freezing liquids to kill bacteria
b) Heating liquids to boil to kill harmful microorganisms without altering the taste
c) Adding preservatives to liquids to prevent spoilage
d) Filtering liquids to remove bacteria
b) Heating liquids to a specific temperature to kill harmful microorganisms without altering the taste
What observation in the Galapagos Islands supported Darwin's theory of evolution?
a) Different species of mockingbirds on different islands
b) Identical species of mockingbirds on all islands
c) Fossils of extinct birds
d) Evidence of volcanic activity
a) Different species of mockingbirds on different islands
Which scientist discovered that the relative amounts of adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine, are equal in all organisms?
a) Rosalind Franklin
b) Erwin Chargaff
c) Maurice Wilkins
d) James Watson
b) Erwin Chargaff
Which of the following is NOT a harmful effect of DDT?
a) Killing all sorts of animals
b) Persisting in the environment for years
c) Improving soil quality
d) Accumulating in fatty tissues
c) Improving soil quality
Which of the following is NOT an application of pasteurization?
a) Milk
b) Fruit juices
c) human tissues
d) medical instrument
c) human tissues
Where did Charles Darwin embark on his five-year journey that led to his groundbreaking discoveries?
a) Africa
b) The Galápagos Islands
c) South America
d) Australia
c) South America
What important clue did Rosalind Franklin provide for Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA's structure?
a) The discovery of the genetic code
b) X-ray pictures showing a repeated pattern, suggesting a helix structure
c) The identification of the four DNA compounds
d) The method for synthesizing DNA in the lab
b) X-ray pictures showing a repeated pattern, suggesting a helix structure
In which book did Rachel Carson publish her research on DDT?
a) "The Sea Around Us"
b) "Silent Spring"
c) "The Edge of the Sea"
d) "Under the Sea-Wind"
b) "Silent Spring"
In which country did Louis Pasteur conduct most of his groundbreaking research?
a) Germany
b) United States
c) France
d) England
c) France
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, individuals with traits that improve survival are more likely to reproduce and pass on those traits. This process is best described as:
a) Genetic drift
b) Lamarckism
c) Natural selection
d) Artificial selection
c) Natural selection
In which year did Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins receive the Nobel Prize for their discovery of DNA's structure?
a) 1950
b) 1953
c) 1962
d) 1970
c) 1962