Dimensions of Health
Health Status Indicators
Health Data
100
List the five dimensions of health and wellbeing and provide a brief definition for each.
- Physical Health and Wellbeing: The functioning of the body and its systems, including the ability to perform daily activities and maintain a healthy lifestyle.
- Social Health and Wellbeing: The ability to form meaningful relationships and interact positively with others in various social situations.
- Mental Health and Wellbeing: The state of a person’s mind, including their ability to process information, cope with stress, and maintain cognitive function.
- Emotional Health and Wellbeing: The ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions effectively while displaying resilience.
- Spiritual Health and Wellbeing: A sense of purpose, meaning, and connection to beliefs, values, or a higher power, contributing to overall life satisfaction.
100
Which health status indicator measures both years of life lost due to early death and years lived with illness or disability?
A) Life expectancy
B) Incidence
C) Burden of disease
D) Prevalence
Burden of Disease
100
True or False: When a graph's axis lacks detailed markings, it is appropriate to use terms like "roughly" or "approximately" to describe estimated values.
- True
200
Explain how social health and wellbeing can impact emotional health and wellbeing in a person's life.
If you have supportive friends, they can help you feel less stressed before a big test by encouraging you to study together. If you’re feeling down, they might cheer you up by making you laugh or listening to your problems. Having strong friendships can make you feel valued and confident, helping you manage emotions better.
200
Which of the following statements about health status indicators is correct?
A) Mortality only includes deaths caused by infectious diseases.
B) Prevalence refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period.
C) Life expectancy at birth provides an estimate of the average number of years a person can expect to live.
D) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) measure only the number of premature deaths in a population.
C) Life expectancy at birth provides an estimate of the average number of years a person can expect to live.
200
Which of the following describes a relationship in a dataset?
A) A single data point that stands out from the rest
B) The connection or association between two or more variables in the data
C) A random collection of data points without any pattern
D) An isolated variable that does not interact with others
B) The connection or association between two or more variables in the data
300
A student is experiencing high levels of stress due to upcoming exams. Identify two dimensions of health that might be negatively affected and explain how they are impacted.
- Mental Health and Wellbeing: The student may struggle with anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and overthinking, which can affect their ability to study effectively. Stress can also lead to negative thinking patterns, making them feel overwhelmed.
- Physical Health and Wellbeing: High stress levels can lead to physical symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and poor sleep. If the student neglects healthy eating and exercise due to excessive studying, their overall physical wellbeing may decline.
300
A person is diagnosed with dementia at age 67 and passes away at age 83. Calculate their Years Lived with Disability (YLD).
17 years
300
What is a data trend?
- A) A random fluctuation in data
- B) A consistent change in data over time
- C) A single data point
- D) A set of unrelated data points
- B) A consistent change in data over time
400
Describe the relationship between three dimensions of health and wellbeing in the following scenario: A young adult starts a new exercise routine and joins a local sports team.
Starting a new exercise routine improves physical health and wellbeing by increasing cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and energy levels to increase their physical hwb. With appropriate energy levels, individuals can attend school or work where they make meaningful and connections with colleagues or peers, thus improving their social hwb. Through creating feeling connected to a group, an individual can increase their sense of belonging which resultantly increases their spiritual health.
400
A person is expected to live until 85 years old but passes away from heart disease at age 73. Calculate their Years of Life Lost (YLL).
12 years.
400
Identify a trend in this graph.
The trend in the graph shows a significant decrease in the number of fatalities and the fatality rate per 100,000 workers in Australia from 2003 to 2021. Specifically, the fatality rate has decreased by 57% from its peak in 2007 and by 35% over the past 10 years (since 2012). This indicates an overall improvement in workplace safety over the years.
500
“Modern medicine has increased life expectancy, but not necessarily the quality of those extra years of life.” - Sue Kurrie. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Justify your response using examples from at least three dimensions of health.
Agree: While modern medicine has extended life expectancy, it does not always ensure a high quality of life in later years.
- Agree:
- Physical health: A person who survives a heart attack due to modern medicine may still have poor heart health and need ongoing medication or lifestyle changes.
- Mental health: An elderly person who lives longer but has dementia may struggle with memory loss and decision-making, affecting their independence.
- Social health: If an elderly person lives longer but cannot leave their house easily, they may feel lonely or disconnected from their community.
Disagree:
- Physical health: A person who gets a knee replacement can continue exercising and maintain a healthy level of fitness.
- Social health: Someone recovering from an illness might join a walking group, keeping them active and connected with others.
- Emotional health: Advancements in mental health treatment, like therapy and medication, can help people with depression or anxiety live fulfilling lives.
500
Over the last 50 years, life expectancy in Australia has increased, but so has the prevalence of chronic diseases like obesity and diabetes. Explain how both of these trends can exist at the same time.
- Life expectancy has increased due to better medical treatments, improved hygiene, vaccinations, and healthcare access. People survive illnesses that once led to early death.
- Chronic disease prevalence has also increased because more people are living longer, giving them more time to develop long-term conditions. Additionally, lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, and high stress levels contribute to diseases like diabetes and obesity.
500
Compare life expectancy rates for males and females in Australia.
The life expectancy gap between males and females decreased from 5.56 years in 1950 to 4.01 years in 2020, indicating a narrowing difference in longevity between the genders.