Introduction to Nutrition
Tools for Healthy Eating
Digestion and Absorption
Carbohydrates
Random Fun
100
Name 2-3 factors that would influence what we eat
Culture, habits, emotions, time, convenience, advertising, social reasons, culture, cost, nutrients, taste, health, trends, nutrition knowledge
100
What are the 3 principles of healthy eating that are going to be on every single exam you take in this class?
Balance, variety, moderation!
100
List the 5 organs that food moves through in the GI tract in order
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
100
What is the storage form of glucose in mammals? What 2 organs store the majority of glucose in mammals?
Glycogen, stored in the skeletal muscles and liver
100
Whats the AI for fiber?
14g for every 1000 calories you eat
200
What is the leading cause of death in the US that has a strong nutritional component? What are 2 other leading causes of death that nutrition strongly influences?
Number 1 is heart disease. Cancer, stroke, diabetes
200
What is the RDA? What tool for healthy eating is it a part of?
The recommended dietary allowance, which is the average daily amount that meets health needs for most of a population.
It is a part of the DRI!
200
What type or types of digestion occur in the mouth?
Mechanical and chemical digestion
200
Why, specifically, is viscous fibers considered heart healthy?
Viscous fibers trap cholesterol-rich bile salts and excrete them from the body so the body has to go get cholesterol from the blood stream to make new bile and less cholesterol in the blood is good!
200
What is food called after it leaves the mouth?
What about after it leaves the stomach?
Bolus
Chyme
300
What are the 6 major nutrients? Which is most important?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water.
Water is most important
300
What is the AMDR for carbs, fats, and proteins?
Carbs- 45-65%
Fats- 20-35%
Proteins- 10-35%
300
What characteristics of the small intestine make it just a potent absorber of nutrients?
The folds, villi, and microvilli increase the surface area so there are more spots for nutrients to be absorbed.
300
Define these terms:
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Glucose
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis- making new glucose from non carb sources
Glycogenolysis- breaking down glycogen into glucose
Glucose- most abundant carb in the body
Glycogenesis- making more glycogen
300
What happens in a glucose tolerance test?
You drink an orange drink with a ton of sugar in it and measure changes in blood glucose for several hours.
400
List 3 things a US diet is high in and 3 things a US diet is low in on average
Added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, calories
Low in vit D, calcium, potassium, fiber, iron*
400
List 3 foods that are exempt from requiring a food label
Plain coffee/tea, spices, flavorings, bakery foods, ready to eat foods, small business, unpackaged foods
400
How does Celiac disease lead to problems in the small intestine specifically?
It damages the villi because the body attacks it and that means there would be impaired nutrient absorption
400
What enzyme begins breaking down carbs in the mouth?
What enzyme finishes carb digestion in the small intestine?
Where do absorbed monosaccharides go first?
Salivary amylase breaks down in the mouth
Pancreatic amylase breaks down in the small intestine
Absorbed monosaccharides go to the liver after absorption
400
Why do we let bananas get suuuupppeeerrrrr ripe to put them into banana bread?
Because as fruit ripens the polysaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides which makes the fruit sweet. More ripe= more sweet
500
List 4 red flags for nutrition supplements
quick fix, miraculous cures, one product that does it all, weight loss without diet or exercise, prominent testimonials, no peer-reviewed articles, ad comes from people not a company
500
Which nutrients are considered to be in a low amount? What is the ingredient in the highest amount? Lowest amount? What common allergens are there?
Cholesterol, carbs, dietary fiber, vitamin D, calcium, iron, potassium are low.
Enriched corn meal is highest (first listed), lowest is salt (last on the list)
Milk ingredients
500
What is the function of ghrelin? What about secretin? Maybe CCK?
Ghrelin- hunger cues
Secretin- tells pancreas to secrete bicarb to the SI to neutralize HCl
CCK- tells pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes to the SI
500
What are the 3 monosaccharides?
Which monosaccharides makeup which disaccharides?
Glucose, galactose, and fructose
Glucose + glucose = maltose
Glucose + galactose = lactose
glucose + fructose = sucrose
500
How many crackers were in 1 serving of the penguin crackers?
55!