Basics + Research
The scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies is better known as ____________.
Sociology
Karl Marx defined the relationship between people who own the means of production and people who make a living by selling their own labor for wage as two classes. What were these two classes called?
The bourgeoisie and the proletariat
The values, norms, and material goods characteristic of a given group comprise that group’s
Culture
Bob is learning the values, norms, and culture of Hawaiian society. This process is known as
Socialization
What is civil inattention? Provide an example.
The process whereby individuals in the same physical setting demonstrate to each other that they are aware of the other’s presence. (Example: Passing by someone in a hallway, acknowledging that they're there, moving out of the way, not directly interacting)
Who originated the idea of the "Sociological Imagination?"
C. Wright Mills
Microsociology: Small-scale, everyday interactions between individuals/small groups, interpreting how these interactions influence larger societal patterns. (Example: Symbolic Interactionism)
Macrosociology: Looks at large-scale phenomena affecting whole populations, seeking patterns and analyzing broad social trends. (Example: Conflict Theory or Functionalism)
Abstract ideals about what is good and bad.
Values
Which is the most appropriate?
A: Nature or Nurture
B: Nature, not nurture
C: Not nature; nurture
D: Nature and nurture
D: Nature and nurture
What are the two regions of social interaction according to Erving Goffman?
Front and back regions.
Which theorist invented the word "sociology?"
Auguste Comte
Organic solidarity refers to
The manner in which society operates naturally.
Definitive principles or rules of behavior that people are expected to observe are called
Norms
During the preoperational stage of cognitive development, Jean Piaget thought that children
are not yet able to use their developing mental capabilities systematically
When a student texts friends with familiar abbreviations and acronyms but emails professors with carefully written and edited messages, the student is using media for
Impression Management
John is interested in how marriage rates in the United States are similar to and different from marriage rates in the U.K. Which type of research question is John pursuing?
A: Comparative
B: Factual
C: Developmental
D: Psychological
A: Comparative
According to Émile Durkheim, the rapid process of social change gives rise to many social difficulties that he linked to
Anomie
__________ is a system of symbols that represent objects and abstract thoughts.
Language
A functionalist theory of aging that holds that it is functional for society to remove people from their traditional roles when they become older adults, thereby freeing up those roles for others.
__________ is defined as the recurrent patterned arrangements and hierarchies that influence or limit the choices and opportunities available to us.
Structure
What would be an example that best illustrates qualitative methods of data collection?
Possible answer: An observer takes notes on the nonverbal behavior of members of a focus group evaluating automobile commercials.
According to Emile Durkheim, how does the division of labor promote social cohesion?
It makes people become more dependent on one another.
Assessing a society by its own cultural standards is known as
Cultural relativism.
A large group of people that engages in concerted collective actions to achieve specific objectives is called an
Organization
Sociologists often use the terms social position and __________ to mean the same thing: the social identity an individual has in a given group or society.
A: Status
B: Role
C: Civil Inattention
A: Status