TYPES OF RELIABILITY
What type of reliability measures the consistency of a test over time?
Test-retest reliability
What type of validity ensures that a test measures what it claims to measure?
Construct validity
What is an example of a situational factor that can affect test reliability?
Fatigue, test environment, distractions
What is the term for systematic errors that distort validity?
Bias
What is an example of a real-world scenario where reliability is crucial in testing?
Standardized test administration in hiring processes
What type of reliability examines consistency between different test items measuring the same construct?
Internal consistency reliability
Which validity type examines how well test results predict future performance?
Predictive validity
How can ambiguous test instructions threaten reliability?
Leads to misinterpretation of test items
What is the problem when a test does not represent all aspects of a construct?
Construct underrepresentation
What is an example of how validity is applied in intelligence testing?
CET predicting college performance
What type of reliability involves different raters producing similar scores?
Inter-rater reliability
Which validity type is concerned with how well a test correlates with an established measure?
Concurrent validity
How does low internal consistency affect test scores?
Inconsistent measurement of test components
What happens when a test measures something unrelated to the intended construct?
Irrelevant construct
Or
Construct irrelevant variance
Why is it important to ensure both reliability and validity in clinical assessments?
Accurate mental health diagnoses
Which reliability measure involves splitting a test into two halves and comparing the scores?
Split-half reliability
What validity type determines how well a test aligns with a broader theoretical concept?
Content validity
How do test-retest intervals impact reliability?
Long intervals reduce consistency
What is an example of external factors affecting test validity?
Testing conditions, environment
How do psychologists ensure test fairness across different populations?
Using culturally adapted assessments
Which reliability type is most relevant in observational research settings?
Inter-rater reliability
Which type of validity examines whether a test fairly represents all aspects of the construct it is intended to measure?
Content validity
How can an examiner’s subjective judgment impact the consistency of test scores?
It can introduce scorer bias, leading to inconsistent or unreliable results across different administrations.
What is an example of cultural bias impacting test validity?
Language differences affecting comprehension
Why is validity more difficult to establish than reliability?
Reliability is statistical, validity requires theoretical justification