In a Bipartite Graph, what are the two types of nodes?
Entity nodes (molecules) and reaction nodes
How many minimum edges does a tree with 10 vertices have?
9
What type of network models molecular interactions using physical relationships between proteins?
Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network
What is a complete graph called?
clique
Which 2021 Netflix series spurred a global craze, including Dalgona candy challenges and green tracksuit sales?
squid game
What are the four different representations of signaling pathways studied in the paper?
Directed graphs, compound graphs, bipartite graphs, and directed hypergraphs.
What characterizes a planar graph?
A graph that can be drawn on a plane without any edges crossing.
In the context of networks, what is the difference between a degree and a degree distribution?
Degree-Local and Degree-global
What distribution describes scale-free networks?
Power-Law distribution
Which Marvel film explored the concept of quantum networks and entanglement in a superhero context?
Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania
What does the β-relaxation algorithm address in graph theory?
Relaxation of modular decomposition.
What is a multi-layer network in disease modeling?
A graph with multiple layers representing different biological scales (e.g., genetic, protein, metabolic, and clinical networks) to analyze disease mechanisms comprehensively.
This term refers to the method of studying networks that includes the identification of key nodes or "hubs" which are more central in influencing cellular processes.
Network centrality or Hub analysis
What centrality measures shortest path frequency?
Betweenness centrality
Which song's popularity was analyzed using network diffusion models after its 2023 viral TikTok success?
Cupid" by Fifty Fifty
How does a Hypergraph provide a more expressive representation compared to traditional graphs?
It allows interactions to be many-to-many rather than pairwise, capturing complex relationships among entities.
What is an Eulerian circuit?
A circuit that visits every edge of a graph exactly once and returns to the starting vertex.
What type of network structure shows resilience to random failures but vulnerability to targeted attacks?
scale-free network
What process generates null models?
(Degree-Preserving Randomization)
Which genetic research initiative uses global network collaboration to track COVID-19 mutations?
GISAID
How do compound graphs compare to hypergraphs in connectivity analysis?
Compound graphs provide more biologically meaningful traversal rules but still fail to model multi-input biochemical reactions like hypergraphs do.
What is a higher-order interaction network in cancer biology?
A hypergraph where edges (hyperedges) connect multiple genes, proteins, or cells simultaneously to capture complex interactions in tumor progression.
How can multilayer networks be used to integrate multi-omics data for disease research?
Different layers represent genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic interactions.
How does the shortest path length between two genes in a gene regulatory network relate to their functional similarity?
Shorter path lengths indicate stronger regulatory influence and higher functional similarity between genes.
Which immune system process mirrors the adaptive behavior seen in machine learning networks?
Clonal Selection