Genetics
What is the term for the passing of traits from parents to offspring?
Heredity
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double Helix (Ladder)
What is the physical expression of a genotype called?
Phenotype
What is the process of breeding plants or animals for specific traits called?
Selective Breeding / Artificial Selection
What is a diagram that shows how traits are inherited through a family?
Pedigree
What did Mendel call the first generation of plants he crossed in his experiments?
P Generation
What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What is the probability of having a heterozygous child if both parents are heterozygous?
50%
What is the complete set of DNA in an organism called?
Genome
In a pedigree, what does a shaded shape represent?
An individual who expresses the trait
What is the probability of producing a recessive phenotype when you cross two heterozygous parents?
25% or 1/4
What base does RNA have instead of thymine (T)
Uracil (U)
If a dominant allele (A) and a recessive allele (a) are inherited, which trait will be expressed?
Dominant trait
What process is used to create an identical genetic copy of an organism?
Cloning
If a trait appears in every generation of a pedigree, is it likely dominant or recessive?
Dominant
What does it mean if an organism is homozygous recessive for a trait?
It has two recessive alleles "bb"
What are the two types of RNA used in protein synthesis?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) and Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What are the missing alleles in this Punnett square if both parents are heterozygous (Aa)?
AA, Aa, Aa, aa
What technology allows scientists to insert genes from one organism into another?
Genetic Engineering
What tool is used to predict the likelihood of a child inheriting a genetic trait?
Punnett Square
In a cross between a heterozygous parent and a homozygous dominant parent, what percentage of offspring will have the dominant trait?
100%
The point of DNA replication is
creating new cells
What do we call a genotype that contains two identical alleles, whether dominant or recessive?
Homozygous
What is a real-world example of cloning mentioned in the study guide?
Banana
How can DNA fingerprinting be used in genetics?
It helps identify individuals and study genetic relationships