Industrial Relations Around the World
This country was the first to industrialize and develop modern industrial relations institutions.
UK
The 1935 Wagner Act in the USA granted workers these rights.
Rights to organize and bargain collectively
A major HR challenge in mergers and acquisitions.
workforce harmonization
The process by which technology replaces employees in direct customer service roles.
disintermediation
The economic integration of national economies into the global economy.
globalization
The main trade union federation in the USA formed in 1955.
AFL-CIO
The UK law that aimed to curb union power and industrial disruptions post-1979.
Employment Relations Act
A key labor law challenge when expanding industrial operations from India to the EU.
regulatory differences in labor laws and wage policies
An example of disintermediation in banking.
ATMs replacing bank tellers
The impact of globalization on trade unions in Europe.
decentralization of collective bargaining
This Asian country’s industrial relations system is based on enterprise unions and lifetime employment.
Japan
The 2002 EU directive that mandates workplace consultation and employee rights
EU Directive 2002/14
The main role of Corporate HR in a multinational acquisition.
balancing employee relations while ensuring cost efficiency
The reduction of redundant manpower through outsourcing or voluntary separation schemes.
rationalization of manpower
The growing demand for this type of worker in the modern labor market.
knowledge worker
The "Iron Rice Bowl" was a key feature of this country’s labor system before its economic reforms.
China
The percentage of union density in Denmark (one of the highest in Europe).
80%
One reason for declining trade union membership globally.
shift towards individual employer-employee relationships
The impact of automation on labor structure in industries.
labour substitution
A significant demographic shift in workforce participation.
increased participation of older workers
The main trade union body in Australia, formed in 1927.
ACTU (Australian Council of Trade Unions)
The process in which multiple trade unions merge to create stronger representation.
union consolidation
The industrial relations system in Singapore is characterized by this unique structure.
tripartism
The major forces driving workforce changes in the last two decades.
computerization, automation, rationalization, and globalization
The role of government in industrial relations.
regulating labor laws and ensuring economic stability