respiratory 1
Which lung only has 2 lobes and why?
The left lung has 2 lobes because the heart is there
Which leukocyte is a first responder to site of infection?
neutrophils
What is the cartilage that senses solid or liquid substances and triggers coughing?
the carina
Which region of an antibody is antigen binding
the variable region
The pressure differential between the alveoli and the pleural space is 6 mmHg. Which way will the pressure flow?
There's no pathway between the alveoli and pleural space, so there will be pressure gradient
What is the name of the organ that filters blood, stores erythrocytes, removes defective erythrocytes/platelets, and recycles iron
the spleen
Inspiratory Reserve Volume= 3000
Inspiratory Capacity=3500
Expiratory Reserve Volume=1000
Residual Volume= 500
Find Functional Residual Capacity
1000+500=1500
An overproduction of this protein by macrophages can lead to sickness and death
cytokines
During _, thoracic volume decreases so intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
expiration
What system in innate immunity gives rise to membrane attack complex?
complement system
what is the attempt to exhale against a closed airway called
valsalva maneuver
Which antibody isotype is the first produced by a newborn?
IgM
List one of the conditions that could decrease oxyhemoglobin saturation
low pH, high DPG, high temp can all decrease hemoglobin's affinity for O2
What is anergy in lymphocyte selection?
a negative selection outcome that changes the lymphocyte so it is no longer capable of an immune response
What structure of the nasal cavity is responsible for its large surface area?
nasal conchae
What causes pain in inflammation?
prostaglandin
What is the purpose of the mucociliary escalator?
It traps particles in the trachea and brings up to the pharynx to be swallowed
People with an impairment in this cell type display a heightened incidence of blood cancer
NK cell
Predict what would happen if the cuboidal cells of the alveoli were decreased?
the alveoli would be at a risk of collapsing due to high surface tension because surfactant production by cuboidal cells would be decreased.
If someone says they're cold (as in they want blankets) and they have fever, what does that tell you about how long they've had the fever?
It means that they've just gotten the fever. Their body has raised the temperature to a new setpoint and they're trying to warm themselves up to catch up to that temperature.