Heat/Cold
Increase tissue temperature does what to blood vessels?
Vasodilation
How far do you keep a diathermy unit away from other electrical equipment?
5 meters
What class lasers are used in PT rehab?
Class 3b
What is the time procedure for contrast therapy?
3-4 minutes in hot water and 30-60 seconds in cold water for 30 total minutes
What modality is used for activating skeletal muscle for the purpose of increasing strength?
NMES
What is the difference between cold gel packs and regular cold packs?
Regular cold packs dissipate more heat and melt
This non-thermal effect of ultrasound involves gas/vapor bubble formation
Cavitation
What is the power output of a Class 3a laser?
1-5 mW
What environmental benefit would you get from aquatic therapy?
Improved heat dissipation
Pregnancy is a common contraindication for many modalities, why?
The effects are unknown so it is better safe than sorry
What pathology are cold vests beneficial for?
Multiple Sclerosis
What is used to generate ultrasound waves?
Piezoelectric Crystal
What is the common theme for contraindications related to Pneumatic Compression?
Heart and lung pathologies
What modality is commonly known as "exercise for blood vessels"?
Contrast bath
Cold pack, ice massage, pulsed ultrasound
What is the ideal temperature of the water of the hydrocollator?
158-167 degrees Fahrenheit
What ratio should BNR not exceed?
8.0 w/cm2
What ailment did the FDA approve low level infrared laser treatments for in the early 2000s?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
What percentage of weight bearing is at the level of the xiphoid?
33%
This is seen as brain plasticity leading to hypersensitivity of the CNS
Chronic pain
What must tissue temperature be elevated to for therapeutic levels for vigorous heating?
104-113 degrees Fahrenheit (40-45 C)
What is the tissue attenuation of skin with a 1 MHz Ultrasound?
39%
What is the max inflation pressure for IPC?
Diastolic minus 10 mmHg
For MS patients in warmer water, what temperature range should be avoided?
>85 degrees Fahrenheit
For which modalities is cadence of gait a possible outcome measure?
Thermal Modalities or E-Stim