GI Fxn
Stimulates release of gastrin in the stomach and release of secretin by the small intestine. Produced and stored by the G cells of the antral mucosa.
Gastrin?
Hormone that increases glucose concentration. Produced from the Alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans.
Glucagon
Prolonged Prothrombin time is seen in patients deficient with this vitamin.
Vitamin K
Best indication of Calcium status because it is biologically active and tightly regulated by PTH and vitamin D.
Ionized Calcium (Free/Active Calcium)
Stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Disorder that leads to chronic diarrhea when there is ileal disease or after resection of the terminal ileum.
Bile salt malabsorption
Hormone identical to the growth-hormone-inhibiting factor secreted by the pituitary. Produced from the D cells of the Islets of Langerhans.
Somatostatin
Deficiency of this vitamin is associated with Nyctalopia.
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Reference intervals for Total Calcium.
8.6-10.0 mg/dL
Hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating thyroid hormone production.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Characterized by fulminate peptic ulcers, large amounts of gastric hypersecretion, and non-β-islet-cell tumors of the pancreas.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Marker for colorectal and pancreatic carcinoma.
CA 19-9
Vitamin required for erythrocyte production.
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Ideal tube type for Intact PTH blood sample.
K3 EDTA
Hormone naturally release during lactation and labor.
Oxytocin
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
1) Stimulates the pancreas to secrete an increased volume of fluid with high bicarbonate content.
2) Reside in the I cells of the upper small intestinal mucosa. Stimulates gallbladder, intestinal motility and secretion of pancreatic enzymes and insulin. Concentration increase following ingesting of mixed meal containing, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
1) Secretin
2) Cholecystokinin (C C K)
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
Give 2 locations where Amylase is produced.
1) Salivary glands
2) Pancreas
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
1) Condition commonly associated with sailors and pirates.
2) Vitamin that is the deficiency for this condition.
1) Scurvy
2) Vitamin C
Commonly used method for phosphate level measurement.
Colorimetric assay
Phosphate ion reacts with ammonium molybdate to form a phosphomolybdate complex measured at 340 nm or further reduced to molybdenum blue then measured at 600-700nm.
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
1) Hormone that targets kidneys to increase absorption of water into the blood.
2) Effect on blood pressure. Increase or decrease?
1) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) aka Vasopressin
2) Increase
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
1) Describe Celiac disease.
2) Give at least one test used to diagnose Celiac disease.
1) Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to gluten.
2)
–I g A-antitissue transglutaminase antibody (T G A)
–I g A-endomysium (E M A) antibody
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
1) Condition that occurs as a result of autodigestion.
2) Give at least 1 clinical lab test that is helpful in this diagnosis of this condition.
1) Acute pancreatitis
2) Amylase or Lipase
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
Most clinical laboratories do not offer assays to measure vitamins. Give the 2 exceptions.
1) Vitamin B12
2) Folic acid/ Folate
3 ANSWERS NEEDED
Give the major regulatory hormones for Calcium homeostasis and how they affect blood Calcium levels.
1) Parathyroid hormone (P T H)- INCREASE
2) 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol- INCREASE
3) Calcitonin- DECREASE
2 ANSWERS NEEDED
1) Acromegaly and Pituitary Gigantism are conditions associated with-
2) Difference between the two.
1) Excess in Growth Hormone aka Somatotropin.
2) Acromegaly: GH excess occurs in adulthood. Pituitary gigantism: GH excess occurs before puberty in individuals