Birthplace of IR
What was the primary industry in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution?
The textile industry was the primary industry at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
What type of industries were cottage industries?
Cottage industries were home-based businesses producing goods like textiles and tools.
What is mass production?
Mass production is the process of producing large quantities of goods efficiently.
What did steam power contribute to in industries?
Steam power contributed to the growth of factories and increased production capacity.
What did lawmakers do to improve working conditions?
Lawmakers passed laws to regulate factories and improve working conditions for workers
What economic system allows for private property ownership?
Capitalism allows individuals and businesses to own private property.
What did the textile industry’s growth lead to?
The growth of the textile industry led to the rise of factories and urbanization.
Who created the steam engine?
The steam engine was significantly improved in the 18th century, particularly by James Watt.
What fuel was primarily used for steam engines?
Coal was the primary fuel used to power steam engines.
Who critiqued capitalism for worker exploitation?
Karl Marx critiqued capitalism for its wealth disparity and worker exploitation.
Why was England politically stable during the Industrial Revolution?
England had a stable government that supported economic growth and innovation.
What was the main purpose of the Spinning Jenny?
The Spinning Jenny was used to spin multiple threads at once, increasing thread production
How did industrialization make goods more accessible?
Industrialization made goods cheaper and available to more people due to mass production.
What innovation did James Watt introduce?
James Watt introduced a separate condenser to the steam engine for improved efficiency.
Name one effect of pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
Pollution led to health problems and environmental damage in industrial cities.
In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century
How did the power loom affect textile production?
The power loom sped up the weaving process, increasing production efficiency.
What does urbanization mean?
Urbanization means the movement of people from rural areas to cities for jobs.
Why was steam power important for transportation?
Steam power allowed for faster and more efficient transportation of goods and people
What health issues did workers face during the Industrial Revolution?
Workers faced health problems from long hours and unsafe working conditions.
What natural resources helped England's industrial growth?
England had coal and iron, which were essential for powering machines and building factories.
What machine did the Spinning Jenny improve?
The Spinning Jenny improved the process of spinning thread.
What was a major change in production during the Industrial Revolution?
The shift from handcrafted goods to mass-produced goods was a major change
Who improved the steam engine?
James Watt improved the steam engine in the 18th century.
Name one negative effect of the Industrial Revolution on workers.
Poor working conditions and low pay were negative effects for workers.