Hormones & Endocrine Disorders
What is the main goal of thyroid replacement therapy?
To increase levels of T3 and T4.
What is the mechanism of action of bacteriostatic antibiotics?
They inhibit bacterial growth but do not kill bacteria.
For constipation
What is the MOA for Proton pump inhibitors
PIs reduce gastric acid production by irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in the stomach lining.
Teaching points for a patient using eye drops with Glaucoma
What is:
pt is at risk for falls r/t decreased vision, which is worse immediately following eye drop instillation.
Wait 5 minutes before/after instillation of a different eye drop.
A diabetic patient shows signs of hypoglycemia. What should the nurse do first?
Check the patient’s blood glucose level.
What is the mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole)?
They irreversibly inhibit gastric acid secretion.
important teaching for patients taking Tums, OTC Antacids
What is it can impact the absorption of other medications?
How does radioactive iodine work?
It destroys thyroid cells, reducing hormone production.
The connection between estrogen and women r/t bone health
Estrogen has been shown to prevent osteoporosis and reduce incidence of factures. The use of estrogen alone is appropriate only for women who had hysterectomies since it increases the risk of uterine cancer
Why does long-term corticosteroid use increase the risk of osteoporosis?
It decreases bone formation and calcium absorption.
What is the function of beta-blockers in cardiovascular treatment?
Reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand.
What should a nurse be considered when they are assigned to a patient who is taking an anti-diahhreal medication?
electrolyte balance, increase roughage- dietary fibre
hat is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity: Body produces antibodies after exposure (e.g., vaccine).
Passive immunity: Antibodies are given directly (e.g., maternal antibodies, immunoglobulins
The way medications work to improve Glaucoma
increasing the outflow of aqueous humour at the canal of Schlemm, or decreasing the formation of aqueous humour at the ciliary body.
Which endocrine disorder is treated with anti-thyroid thioamides?
Hyperthyroidism
How does insulin glargine (Lantus) differ from regular insulin?
It provides long-acting, peakless basal insulin coverage.
Patient came to the clinic and shares that she is planning to go on cruise and is worried about her nausea/vomiting due to motion sickness. Which of the following medications can be most effective?
What is Gravol?
Contrast Agents: why and how
Substances used in imaging (e.g., CT scans, MRIs) to enhance visibility of tissues.
What baseline assessments should be done before treatment?
Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, visual field tests.
How does Metformin lower blood glucose, and why is it contraindicated in kidney failure?
Decreases hepatic glucose production; contraindicated due to lactic acidosis risk.
What is the purpose of enteric-coated medications, and why should they not be crushed?
Enteric coatings protect the drug from stomach acid and ensure absorption in the intestines; crushing them can cause irritation or alter drug effectiveness.
What type of of medication can be used for pain and is also an anti-diarrheal
opioids
What are the different types of laxatives and how do they work?
Bulk-forming: Increase stool bulk (e.g., psyllium).
Osmotic: Draw water into the intestines (e.g., lactulose).
Stimulant: Increase bowel motility (e.g., bisacodyl).
What is the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
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