Vocabulary
What is a satrapy?
the territory governed by an official know as a satrap
Who was Zoroaster and what did he do?
a religious teacher who preached a monotheistic religion. Darius I followed his teachings
What type of government did Sparta have
oligarchy
Who fought in the battle of Marathon?
Persians and the Greek city-state of Athens
Who was Themistocles and what did he do?
He was an Athenian politician. He built up Athens navy. He was later exiled because other politicians feared his popularity
What is a satrap?
The governor of a province in ancient Persia
Who was Darius I and what did he do?
Emperor of Persia who reorganized the government to make it more efficient. Believed in Zoroastrianism
What type of government did Athens have?
Democracy
What happened at the battle of Marathon?
Darius I sent an army to invade but the Athenians did not meet them on the battle field because they were outnumbered. The Persians decided to send ships to Athens. Once the Persians loaded their best troops on the ships the Athenian army attached. They won and sent a messenger to Athens to let everyone know. He died after delivering the message
How did Persia treat conquered people?
fairly- they were allowed to keep language, religion, and laws. He also allowed exiled Jews to return to homeland.
What is Zoroastrianism?
Persian religion based on the belief of one god. Believed that there was both good and evil in the world but goodness would always triumph
Who was Cyrus and what did he do?
King of Persia who built a strong Persian Army and started the empire
How did Darius I reorganize the government?
He divided the empire into provinces called satrapies and each had a governor called a satrap "defender of the kingdom"
What happened at the battle of Thermopylae?
King Leonidas of Sparta tried to hold off the Persians. The battle lasted for three days. The Spartans were greatly out numbered but they held off the Persians until they were betrayed by a Greek who told the Persians about a trail that would take them behind the Greek army allowing the Greeks to be fought on both sides. The Greeks lost but their bravery was celebrated.
What is a reason for the decline of Persia?
Weakened army, people were unhappy with their government (overtaxed, members of royal family disagreed about who should rule, outside attacks, Alexander the Great
What is a channel? (geographic term)
a strait of narrow sea between two landmasses
Who was Xerxes and what did he do?
Persian King who invaded Greece with 200,000 troops and warships
What duties did a satrap carry out?
collected taxes, judged legal cases, managed the police, recruited soldiers
What was Themistocles plan?
He planed to attack Persia's ships by luring Persias fleet into the strait of Salamis. He thought Persias ships would crowd together making them easy to attack and he was right.
Who was the author of History of the Persian Wars?
Herodotus
What is a strait? (geographic term)
a narrow, naturally formed waterway that connects two larger bodies of water
Who was King Leonidas and what did he do?
He was a Spartan king who supplied most of the soldiers agains Xerxes. He fought them at Thermopylae.
How did Persia link its large territory? How did this benefit people?
They built the royal road. This allowed travelers to obtain food, water, fresh horses at roadside stations. They could also send messengers much faster
What happened between the Greeks and Persians in 499 BCE
Some Greeks who were under Persian control rebelled and Athens sent troops to help them. This made the Persians made and started a larger war
What was the name of the ship Themistocles had built to beat the Persians?
triremes