Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
What are abnormal pulmonary conditions associated with cough, sputum production, and dyspnea called?
Obstructive pulmonary disease
What inflammatory cells are primarily involved in asthma?
Eosinophils and T-cells
What is the first-line treatment for asthma?
Inhaled corticosteroids
What is the primary cause of COPD?
Smoking
What are the key differences between chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis in terms of symptoms and underlying causes?
Chronic bronchitis involves long-term inflammation and mucus production in the bronchial tubes, leading to a daily productive cough and is often caused by irritants like cigarette smoke. Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent dilation of the bronchi, with symptoms including a chronic cough with copious sputum, often resulting from chronic infections or conditions like cystic fibrosis
What is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA?
COPD
Who is primarily affected by asthma
Children and young adults
What is the preferred medication for quick relief in asthma attacks?
Short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs)
What is the GOLD classification for mild COPD?
GOLD I, with FEV1 ≥ 80%
What symptom is most prominent in asthma?
Wheezing
Name two specific conditions included under COPD
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
What are four common symptoms of asthma?
Wheezing, shortness of breath, cough, and chest tightness
What are the levels of asthma severity?
Intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent
What is the recommended vaccination for COPD patients to help prevent exacerbations?
Annual influenza vaccination and pneumococcal vaccination
What are inhaled irritants that can trigger asthma?
Tobacco smoke, air pollution, strong odors, animal dander
What term describes the coexistence of asthma and COPD features?
Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS)
What is the primary test used to diagnose asthma?
Pulmonary function tests (PFT)
What is the most common quick-relief medication for COPD & Asthma?
Albuterol
What is the cornerstone of COPD therapy?
Smoking cessation
What is the primary difference between a "pink puffer" and a "blue bloater" in the context of COPD?
"pink puffer"
- emphysema is characterized by weight loss and dyspnea
"blue bloater"
- chronic bronchitis presents with cyanosis, a productive cough, and is often overweight
What is the primary characteristic that differentiates asthma from COPD
Asthma is reversible (inflammation)
COPD is irreversible (smoking)
What does PEFR stand for and what does it measure?
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate- it measures maximum airflow during forced expiration
What is the recommended treatment for moderate persistent asthma?
A combination of a short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) for quick relief and a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for long-term control
What medication class is used to manage COPD symptoms effectively?
Bronchodilators
What is hyperinflation in the context of COPD?
Trapped air in the lungs leading to overinflated lungs and a lowered diaphragm