A
Why did Galileo’s use of the telescope challenge traditional beliefs about the universe?
A. He created a new calendar system
B. His discoveries supported a sun-centered universe
C. He disproved the existence of stars
D. He mapped new continents
B. His discoveries supported a sun-centered universe
How did the invention of new tools, like the telescope and microscope, help change science?
A. They revealed details that couldn’t be seen with the naked eye
B. They were used only by royalty
C. They confirmed myths as facts
D. They allowed scientists to guess with confidence
A. They revealed details that couldn’t be seen with the naked eye
How does the scientific method limit personal bias in experiments?
A. By using feelings as a measurement
B. By following a repeatable process based on evidence
C. By skipping observation steps
D. By using predictions without testing
B. By following a repeatable process based on evidence
What feature of the scientific method helps make discoveries more reliable?
A. Including results from only one test
B. Using only ancient theories
C. Repeating experiments and comparing outcomes
D. Skipping steps to save time
C. Repeating experiments and comparing outcomes
Why is forming a hypothesis essential to the scientific method?
A. It proves theories without testing
B. It allows skipping data
C. It creates a testable idea that guides investigation
D. It avoids planning an experiment
C. It creates a testable idea that guides investigation
How did Bacon’s ideas help shape the modern scientific method?
A. He believed in trial and error without steps
B. He promoted blind trust in authority
C. He encouraged structured investigation through observation
D. He rejected all forms of reasoning
C. He encouraged structured investigation through observation
Which idea would Francis Bacon most likely support based on his writings?
A. Experiments must be repeated to build knowledge
B. Real knowledge comes from experiments, not tradition
C. Science should be left to religious leaders
D. Answers can be found only in ancient philosophy
B. Real knowledge comes from experiments, not tradition
Why was the scientific revolution threatening to traditional authorities?
A. It gave power to kings instead of churches
B. It promoted loyalty to ancient authors
C. It challenged long-held beliefs and promoted individual thinking
D. It encouraged the rejection of mathematics
C. It challenged long-held beliefs and promoted individual thinking
Why did Galileo’s support of the heliocentric model create controversy?
A. His telescope didn’t work
B. He lacked evidence
C. His findings contradicted religious teachings
D. He was a member of the clergy
C. His findings contradicted religious teachings
What does Galileo’s discovery of Jupiter’s moons suggest about inquiry?
A. New tools can disprove old beliefs
B. All ancient science was flawless
C. The church was correct
D. Stars never move
A. New tools can disprove old beliefs
Why was the work of Newton significant in proving the value of the scientific method?
A. He made discoveries without experimentation
B. He applied testing and mathematics to natural laws
C. He used mythology to explain gravity
D. He relied on church teachings
B. He applied testing and mathematics to natural laws
Why is Copernicus considered a revolutionary thinker?
A. He introduced a model with the sun at the center
B. He wrote about Roman laws
C. He used the printing press to publish poetry
D. He supported Earth-centered models
A. He introduced a model with the sun at the center
Why was Newton’s explanation of gravity a breakthrough?
A. He proved gravity was a myth
B. He relied on Greek poetry
C. He connected motion and gravity using math and experiments
D. He used a telescope to measure weight
C. He connected motion and gravity using math and experiments
Which action shows a scientist using inductive reasoning?
A. Drawing general conclusions from many observations
B. Predicting outcomes without testing
C. Making a guess based on emotion
D. Quoting ancient philosophers
A. Drawing general conclusions from many observations
Why was publishing results important during the Scientific Revolution?
A. It proved only students could do science
B. It allowed others to test and confirm findings
C. It helped hide knowledge
D. It allowed kings to claim discoverie
B. It allowed others to test and confirm findings
What key change in thinking allowed scientists to make discoveries during the Scientific Revolution?
A. They began relying on direct observation over tradition
B. They focused entirely on logic and ignored nature
C. They followed royal orders blindly
D. They accepted ancient knowledge as unchangeable
A. They began relying on direct observation over tradition
How did the scientific method promote collaboration among scientists?
A. It forced everyone to agree without testing
B. It led to political arguments
C. It gave scientists a shared process to test and repeat results
D. It prevented sharing ideas
C. It gave scientists a shared process to test and repeat results
How did scientific journals contribute to discovery?
A. They helped ideas spread and be tested by others
B. They were used only by students
C. They made language more confusing
D. They allowed scientists to hide findings
A. They helped ideas spread and be tested by others
How did Descartes' and Bacon’s approaches differ but both support science?
A. Descartes used reasoning, Bacon used observation
B. Descartes used superstition
C. Both believed guessing was best
D. Both rejected logic
A. Descartes used reasoning, Bacon used observation
How did the Scientific Revolution encourage experimentation over superstition?
A. It relied on myths
B. It banned math
C. It used step-by-step methods to test ideas
D. It explained things using magic
C. It used step-by-step methods to test ideas
What does Descartes’ statement “I think, therefore I am” suggest about his approach to knowledge?
A. He refused to explain his ideas
B. He viewed doubt and logical thinking as essential
C. He trusted instincts more than thinking
D. He believed all answers came from religion
B. He viewed doubt and logical thinking as essential
What role did doubt play in Descartes’ approach to discovery?
A. It caused him to stop trusting himself
B. It was the first step in reaching certainty through reason
C. It led him to accept all ancient beliefs
D. It prevented him from trying new things
B. It was the first step in reaching certainty through reason
How did questioning accepted beliefs contribute to scientific progress?
A. It stopped people from exploring
B. It allowed new ideas to replace outdated ones
C. It led to more wars over religion
D. It prevented discoveries in physics
B. It allowed new ideas to replace outdated ones
What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on future generations?
A. It discouraged study of science
B. It showed evidence could change the world
C. It led to long-term interest in scientific discovery
D. It reduced interest in astronomy
C. It led to long-term interest in scientific discovery
Why did Descartes believe reasoning alone was not enough?
A. He thought feelings were stronger than facts
B. He trusted only church authority
C. He believed reasoning needed evidence
D. He wanted ancient thinking to return
C. He believed reasoning needed evidence