New Countries
Which Caribbean nation became the first independent Black republic in 1804?
Haiti
This astronomer was forced to recant his heliocentric theory by the Catholic Church in 1633.
Galileo Galilei
This event in 1791 was the first successful slave-led revolution in history.
Haitian Revolution
This 19th-century war was fought over Britain's trade of an addictive drug in China.
Opium War
This 1914 assassination of an archduke triggered a global war.
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Which country emerged after the Russian Civil War and was officially established as a socialist state in 1922?
Soviet Union
This philosopher believed in natural rights such as life, liberty, and property, influencing modern democracy.
John Locke
This leader, known as the “Liberator,” helped free much of South America from Spanish rule.
Simón Bolívar
This “rebellion” in India in 1857 was sparked by religious and political grievances against the British.
Sepoy Rebellion
This nation, once isolated, rapidly modernized and became a dominant imperial power by the early 20th century
Japan
Country was created in 1947 as a homeland for Muslims after British India was divided?
Pakistan
This thinker’s concept of the "invisible hand" described how free markets regulate themselves without government intervention.
Adam Smith
Britain controlled this India until 1947 when it gained independence through largely nonviolent resistance by this person
Mahatma Gandhi
This 1839 treaty forced China to open ports to foreign powers and cede Hong Kong to Britain.
Treaty of Nanjing
This group led the Russian Revolution in 1917, overthrowing the czar.
the Bolsheviks
Which country was unified in 1871 under the slogan "Blood and Iron"
Germany
This revolutionary leader adapted Marxist ideas to lead the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, establishing the first communist state.
Lenin
The third estate broke into this a prison in Paris on July 14, 1789 to obtain weapons and let prisoners free
Storming of the Bastille
This conference in 1884-85 divided Africa among European powers without African input.
Berlin Conference
This deadly conflict introduced trench warfare, machine guns, and chemical weapons to battlefields.
World War I
Which African country gained independence from France in 1960 and was led by Kwame Nkrumah?
Ghana
This German philosopher co-wrote The Communist Manifesto, arguing that history is driven by class struggle and advocating for a workers' revolution.
Karl Marx
This U.S. policy, aimed to ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China
Open Door Policy
This 1919 treaty officially ended a world war but imposed harsh penalties on Germany.
Treaty of Versailles