Confucian relations
What was a common practice in China for girls that helped keep them subordinate?
footbinding
What does China's name mean in Chinese?
Middle Kingdom
What ethnic group established the Qing dynasty?
The Manchu
When was the Revolution that brought down the Qing?
1911
Who was the leader of the Nationalist Party after 1925?
Chiang Kai-shek
What were the four main social groups in traditional China?
Emperor (royal family); scholar-gentry; peasants and craftsmen; traders (and entertainers)
Why did China use Confucian relations with their neighbours?
It was not necessary to keep a large army.
What was the first big shock for Qing China (the start of a hundred years of humiliation)?
Their defeat in the Opium Wars in the middle of the 19th century
What was the name of the last Qing Emperor?
Puyi
Who suggested that the communists and nationalists should form a United Front?
The Soviet advisor, Borodin
How was the aristocracy different from China from that of Europe?
Their social position was dependent on learning and exams, not military service
What do we call the traditional international relations between China and its neighbouring countries?
Tributary relations
When was the Boxer Uprising?
1898-1901
Who was the first "President" of the new Chinese Republic?
Yuan Shi-kai
When and what was the Shanghai Massacre?
The Nationalist turned against their communist allies and killed their leaders in Shanghai in 1927
What exams did a Confucian gentlemen need to take to become a government official?
Local and regional exams, and a final exam in the capital.
Which country was given the Shandong peninsula in the 1919 Versailles Treaties (which then prompted the May 4th Movement in Beijing)?
Japan
What were three consequences of the Opium Wars?
unequal treaties (extraterritoriality); trade with Westerners with low tariffs; five treaty ports; Hong Kong and Macau given to the British
Who was the "father of the Chinese nation"?
Sun Yat-sen
When and what was the Northern Expedition
a military expedition to unify China, 1926-1928
Five relations - four of them unequal: father-son; elder-younger; ruler-subject; husband-wife; between friends
What was the agreement between western countries concerning China called?
Open Door policy
When were the Hundred Days Reforms and what were some of them (mention three)?
1898 - transformation of government; new laws, new education; modernized military; police system
What is the Chinese name of the Nationalist Party?
GMD = Guomindang
For the communists, what were three reasons for the formation of the United Front?
They were too small; they had no army; they had no government and no experience; China was not ready for a revolution