People
(570-632) Born in Mecca, died in Medina. Founder of Islam. Regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God. Teachings make up the Qu'ran, the Muslim holy book.
Mohammed
As a part of the Mali Empire, this city became a major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning
Timbuktu
Christian followers in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire); split from Roman Catholic Church and shaped life in eastern Europe and western Asia
Eastern Orthodox Church
Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad
Caliphate
The short dynasty between the Han and the Tank; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government and introduced Buddhism to China
Sui Dynasty
Movement from the Arabian peninsula; spread of Islam; invaded/settled/ruled the Middle East, Africa, and southern Europe; mixed with native cultures
Arab Migrations
(330-1543) The eastern half of the ROman Empire, survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. the capital was Constantinople, named after Emperor Constantine
Byzantine Empire
"the people of the book" later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus which offered state protection under an Islamic state bust still reduced individual to second-class citizen status
Dhimmis
The collective community of Islamic peoples, which is thought to transcend ethnic and political boundaries.
Ummah
a group of traveling merchants and animals is called this
Caravan
Byzantine Missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for the creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic.
Cyril and Methodius
The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi
Delhi Sultanate
a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs
Shiite
tax that non-Muslims had to pay when living within a Muslim empire
Jizya
the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in Northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam
Sikhism
Indian religious leader who founded Sikhism in dissent from the caste system of Hinduism
Guru Nanak
From 1235-1400 this was a strong empire of Western Africa, with its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, it had many mosques and universities. The Empire upheld gold-salt trade
Mali Empire
a religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammad which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims
Islam
Declaration of faith, prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage
5 Pillars of Islam
Apolitical-religious system in which the secular ruler is also head of the religious establishment, as in the Byzantine Empire.
Caesaropapism
Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa, he made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East
Mansa Musa
The split between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches in 1054
East-West Schism
the spread of Islam via trade through he Indian Ocean and East Africa in the Post-Classical Era
Muslim Diaspora
A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad
Sunni
a government in which the supreme power is in the hands of a sultan; the sultan may be an absolute ruler or a sovereign with constitutionally limited authority
sultanate