digestive
Which macromolecule starts digestion in the mouth?
carbohydrates
What is the smallest part of the kidney?
nephron
What is a calorie?
the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1mL of water by 1C
This organ detoxifies the blood and metabolizes nutrients into other forms for storage
liver
Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells
Put this in the right order:
Arcuate artery - Microscopic afferent arterioles - Segmental artery - Cortical radiate artery - Renal artery - Interlobar artery
renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery -arcuate artery - cortical radiate artery - microscopic afferent arterioles
list the 3 disaccharides
maltose, lactose, sucrose
This is the site of bacterial colonization for specific nutrient digestion
large intestine
What hormone stimulates the release of bile?
CCK in the duodenum
What is reabsorption?
Part of the filtrate in the tubules go back to blood supply through capillaries
What are the 3 components of total energy requirement
basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, physical activity
If a substance has a renal clearance greater than the GFR, what is happening to that substance
it's being filtered and excreted
What contributes to the immune surveillance in the small intestine?
Peyer's Patches
What is the net filtration given CHP=20, BCOP= 10, and GBHP= 40
10 because 40-20-10=10
What type of lipid is liquid at room temperature and has kinks in the fatty acid chain?
unsaturated fatty acids
What is the role of Brunner's gland?
It secretes alkaline mucous in the duodenum to help neutralize the acidic chyme coming from the stomach
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for protein digestion?
Trypsin
What are the cells responsible for the acid-base balance of kidney?
intercalated cells
A deficiency in this vitamin can cause rickets
vitamin D
What could cause a sweet, fruity scent in the breath or urine of a diabetic?
their body lacks insulin and can't use glucose for energy, so their body has started to break down fats. A by product of fat metabolism is ketone bodies, which produce a sweet scent