Chapters 30 & 31
1. What was the land that the Jews had always thought of as their homeland? And what was its name at the beginning of the 20th century after Arabs had lived there?
Judea
Palestine
6. Why did Japan move into French Indochina during WWII?
Germany (Japan's ally) had moved into France, so the Japanese saw their chance
11. What was the Space Race?
The competition between the USSR and the U.S. to try to put a man on the moon
What is Zionism? What was partition?
The idea that there should be a Jewish country
To divide into parts (Palestine was divided into a part for Arabs and a part for Jews)
Who were Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro, and Che Guevara?
Batista - led a military revolt and took over the Cuban government, ending the Cuban constitution
Castro - rebelled against Batista, used guerrilla warfare to take over Cuba
Guevara - a rebel who was an expert in guerrilla warfare and fought with Castro against Batista
2. How did the partitioning of Palestine make the Jews feel? How about the Arabs?
Happy; they celebrated
Surprised, confused, saddened, outraged
7. Who fought each other in the French Indochina War?
What was the result of that war?
The French gave up their claim to Vietnam but insisted that the country be divided in half (north = communist, south = democracy)
12. What type of warfare did Castro and Guevara use in Cuba against Batista?
What was one tactic they used?
Guerrilla warfare [like the Vietnamese]
1. Cut telephone wires
2. Burned sugar cane fields and sugar mills
3. Launched surprise attacks on outposts and stole weapons
17. What are two similarities between the results of the French Indochina War and the Korean War?
- Both countries were divided in half
- The northern halves were communist / dictatorship
- The southern halves were democracies
- Both countries were free of Japan
What was the difference between the African National Congress and the National Party in South Africa?
The ANC was a group of black Africans who were trying to gain more rights in South Africa.
The NP was a political party who wanted the power in South Africa to belong to whites.
3. Why was the Suez Canal so important?
In what country was it located?
Because it provided a much faster way to get from the Mediterranean Sea (Europe) to Asia
Egypt
8. Where did the U.S. and the Soviet Union divide Korea after WWII?
Who controlled what side?
at the 38th parallel
north = Soviets
south = U.S.
13. Did Fidel Castro restore the Cuban constitution when his rebels forced Batista out?
What kind of government did he create?
No
communist
18. Name two ways that the U.S. and the Soviet Union fought the Cold War.
- Fought without weapons
- Attempted to steal allies
- Refused to cooperate
- Insulted each other
Who was George Marshall and what was the Marshall Plan?
The US Secretary of State who thought that the US had an obligation to help Europe recover from WWII. His plan was to give 20 billion dollars to those countries. Only Russia refused.
4. Which countries planned Operation Musketeer and how did it turn out?
Britain, France, Israel
plan to invade Egypt [wanting control of the Suez Canal]
very embarrassing...U.S. told on those countries to the United Nations, which told them to leave Egypt alone
9. How did the Korean War begin?
Who fought back?
A North Korean army invaded South Korea by surprise (using Soviet tanks / guns)
The United Nations
14. Why was the US worried about Cuba's friendship with the USSR?
Cuba is so close to American soil - missiles were in range of US cities - and it was communist (influenced by USSR)
16. What was life like in Europe during and after WWII? Mention 3 facts.
- Families were issued ration books.
- Parents sent their children to the country to keep them safe
- Industries grew (like airplanes and shipyards)
- Many people were killed
- Businesses and banks were out of money
- Many buildings had been bombed
What was the Suez Crisis?
When Nasser decided to close the Suez Canal because he was unhappy that the U.S. did not loan him money for a new dam. The first country he banned from using the Canal was Israel. The Crisis ended with the failed Operation Musketeer.
5. Why was Germany divided in half after WWII?
What type of government did each side have?
Because the USSR and the rest of the Allies couldn't agree on what type of government to set up there
East: communist
West: democracy
10. What was the result of the Korean War?
Korea remained divided in two.
North Korea = communist (dictator)
South Korea = democracy
15. What happened at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba?
JFK used an army of Cubans living in America to invade Cuba. But Castro found out, and his army was ready. So the invasion was a disaster (all killed or captured).
19. Name three ways that Castro began to turn Cuba into a communist country.
- He ordered hundreds of Cubans supporting Batista to be killed
- He asked the USSR for money to help Cuba recover
- He took large companies and farms away from their owners and put them under government control
- He put schools under government control
- His secret police investigated and punished those who did not agree with him
Who were Yuri Gagarin, Neil Armstrong, and Buzz Aldrin?
Buzz Aldrin - also walked on the moon; helped perform scientific experiments and collect soil to take back to Earth