Cold War-Leaders
Who was the U.S. president when the Cold War began, and what were his main Cold War policies?
Harry S. Truman; Truman Doctrine and containment.
Which Canadian prime minister introduced relief efforts during the Great Depression, including the controversial relief camps?
R.B. Bennett.
Which two countries in the Americas declared war on the Axis powers during the Second World War?
Brazil and Canada
What event marked the beginning of U.S. military involvement in the Korean War?
North Korea’s invasion of South Korea on June 25, 1950.
Who was the U.S. president at the start of the Great Depression?
Herbert Hoover.
How did the Marshall Plan serve as part of Truman’s containment strategy during the Cold War?
It provided economic aid to Western Europe to prevent communism by stabilizing economies.
Name one Latin American leader who implemented import substitution industrialization (ISI) as a response to the Great Depression and describe one effect.
Getúlio Vargas in Brazil; he promoted domestic industry, leading to industrial growth but also increased state control.
How did the Second World War affect the role of women in the workforce in the Americas?
Women entered the workforce in large numbers, taking on jobs traditionally held by men, especially in factories and military industries.
How did Latin American countries respond to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?
Latin American countries, especially leftist ones, strongly opposed U.S. involvement, with protests and condemnation.
What was the main goal of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal?
To provide relief, recovery, and reform in response to the economic crisis.
Why did the United States choose to intervene in the Korean War, and how was this decision justified within the broader context of containment?
The U.S. intervened to stop the spread of communism after North Korea invaded the South, seeing it as part of the broader containment strategy.
Which Canadian government relief policy introduced in the 1930s was criticized for being ineffective and paternalistic?
Relief camps for unemployed men, created under Prime Minister R.B. Bennett.
Why did the U.S. justify the use of atomic weapons on Japan as necessary to end the war?
The U.S. argued that it would shorten the war and save lives by avoiding a costly invasion of Japan, thus forcing Japan to surrender.
Explain the key reasons for the escalation of U.S. involvement in Vietnam during the 1960s.
The U.S. escalated to prevent the spread of communism, driven by the "domino theory" and the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
Which New Deal agency was established to provide employment through public works projects, and what was one major project it undertook?
Works Progress Administration (WPA); one major project was the construction of roads, schools, and public buildings.
How did Kennedy’s handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 impact Cold War tensions in the Americas?
Kennedy’s firm stance led to Soviet retreat, reducing the threat of nuclear war but increasing Cold War tensions in the region.
How did the Depression influence the political landscape in Canada, especially in relation to new political parties?
It led to the rise of new political movements such as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), reflecting dissatisfaction with traditional parties.
What role did Canada play in the Second World War, and how did its involvement differ from that of the United States?
Canada declared war on Germany in 1939 and played a significant role in both the European and Pacific theaters, but its involvement was more aligned with the British Commonwealth and less directly tied to U.S. military leadership.
How did the Korean War impact U.S. defense and military policies in the Americas?
The U.S. expanded military presence and cooperation in the region, reinforcing defense against communism.
How did the New Deal change the relationship between the federal government and American citizens?
The New Deal expanded the role of the federal government in citizens’ lives through social welfare programs, job creation, and economic regulation, establishing a precedent for government responsibility in ensuring economic security.
What were the long-term consequences of the ‘New Look’ policy on U.S. relations with Latin American governments, particularly in regard to military interventions?
The policy led to covert operations and military support for anti-communist regimes, causing resentment and anti-American sentiment in Latin America.
Compare and contrast the responses of two Latin American countries to the Depression, focusing on economic and social policies. What does this reveal about the role of the state during economic crises?
In Brazil, Vargas implemented ISI and state-led industrialization; in Mexico, Cárdenas nationalized oil and promoted land reform. Both reflect increased state intervention and populism as responses to economic hardship.
Explain the long-term economic effects of World War II on both Canada and Brazil
Both countries experienced significant economic growth due to wartime production, but Canada became more industrialized and integrated into the U.S. economy, while Brazil saw a boost in its industrial sector but struggled with inflation and political instability.
How did U.S. foreign policy in Vietnam affect its relations with Canada and Latin America during the Cold War?
Vietnam strained relations, with Canada opposing the war and Latin America criticizing U.S. imperialism.
Evaluate the effectiveness of President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression.