Microbial Genetics
What is the complementary base sequence to 5'-ATGCGT-3'
What is 3'-TACGCA-5'
Who developed the binomial nomenclature system?
Who is Carl Linnaeus?
What is the term for the cause of a disease?
What is etiology?
Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
What is thymine?
What is mutualism in microbiology?
What is a relationship where both organisms benefit?
What is the most common route of disease transmission?
What is direct contact (or person-to-person)?
What is the cause of a disease called?
What is etiology?
What does "acute disease" mean?
What is a disease that develops quickly and lasts a short time?
Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer during DNA replication?
What is RNA polymerase (or primase)?
What are the three domains of life?
What are Bacteria, Archae, and Eukarya?
What is the difference between infection and disease?
Infection is the invasion by microbes; disease results when health changes
What base replaces thymine in RNA?
What is uracil?
What term describes microbes that only cause disease in weakened hosts?
What are opportunistic pathogens?
What is the term for inanimate objects that transmit pathogens?
What are fomites?
How is a communicable disease different from a noncommunicable one?
What is communicable diseases spread from person to person; noncommunicable do not?
What term refers to a disease that is constantly present in the population?
Endemic Disease
What is the function of DNA ligase during replication?
What is sealing the gaps between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?
What is the term for organisms that live in extreme environments like high salt or heat?
What are Archaea?
What kind of toxin is part of the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacteria?
What is an endotoxin?
What happens during a frameshift mutation and why is it often more harmful than a point mutation?
What is the insertion or deletion of nucleotides not in multiples of three, disrupting the entire reading frame?
What term describes organisms that only benefit themselves and harms the other?
What is parasitism?
Which type of transmission occurs when a mosquito spreads malaria?
What is vector-borne (biological vector) transmission?
What is a disease that is always present in a population at low levels?
What is endemic?
What kind of outbreak occurs when a disease spreads worldwide?
What is a pandemic?
During translation, which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?
What is the P site?
Which kingdom includes multicellular, photosynthetic organisms?
What is Plantae?
Name a neurotoxin that causes muscle spasms in babies?
What is Clostridium toxin? or What is neonatal tetanus?
What is the difference in sugar between DNA and RNA?
What is RNA has ribose and DNA has deoxyribose?
What is microbial antagonism?
What is when normal flora inhibits harmful microbes?
What's the difference between droplet and airborne transmission?
What is droplet involves larger particles that travel short distances, while airborne involves smaller particles that remain suspended?
How are infectious diseases typically classified? (Give two factors)
What are by mode of transmission and clinical effects (symptoms/duration)?
What is the difference between morbidity and mortality?
What is morbidity is # of infected and mortality is the # of deaths?
Why do silent mutations often have no effect on protein function?
What is because multiple codons can code for the same amino acid (genetic code is degenerate)?
What distinguishes Eubacteria from Archaea?
What is the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall?
What are Koch's Postulates used to establish?
What is the cause of infectious diseases?
What's the name of the DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand?
What are Okazaki fragments?
What is the term for two microbes whose combined effect is greater than each alone?
What is synergism?
Name and define three types of disease reservoirs.
What are human (carriers), animal (zoonoses) and non-living (soil/water)?
What is the difference between bacteremia and septicemia?
What is bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the blood and septicemia is bacteria that multiply in the blood.
How is "prevalence" different from "incidence"?
What is prevalence includes all current cases (new and old); incidence includes only new cases?