Politics/Government
The Mayflower Compact was an agreement in ______ to established a form of __________ for the Plymouth Colony.
1620, self-government
Which of the following best describes the impact of the repartimiento system on Indigenous communities?
A. It ended all forms of forced labor and improved Indigenous living conditions.
B. It decreased the exploitation of Indigenous people significantly.
C. It continued the exploitation of Indigenous people but in a different, slightly more regulated way.
D. It allowed Indigenous people to become full citizens of Spain’s colonies.
C. It continued the exploitation of Indigenous people but in a different, slightly more regulated way.
What is the Doctrine of Discovery?
Spain justified its conquest of the Americas through this religious and political doctrine.
What are mestizos?
The blending of Spanish and Indigenous peoples in the Americas created this new social class.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
This Italian explorer sailed for Spain and is credited with "discovering" the Americas in 1492.
What is the House of Burgesses?
This governing body was the first elected assembly in the New World, created in Virginia in 1619.
Mercantilism was a ______ theory, colonies were meant to enrich the ______ country.
economic, mother
What was the main purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?
A. To establish peace between Spain and Indigenous empires like the Aztecs and Incas.
B. To divide newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.
C. To create a trade alliance between Spain, Portugal, and France in the New World.
D. To force Indigenous populations to convert to Christianity.
B. To divide newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.
What is a "city upon a hill"?
Puritans believed they had a covenant with God to build this type of ideal community.
Which phrase best describes the conquistadors' primary motivations?
A. Wealth, religious spread, and personal fame.
B. Scientific discovery and environmental conservation.
C. Artistic expression and cultural exchange.
D. Alliance-building and peaceful negotiation.
A. Wealth, religious spread, and personal fame.
What are Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay?
These two early colonies eventually merged to form Massachusetts.
What are cash crops?
These crops like sugar and tobacco were grown primarily for sale rather than local consumption.
What is the fur trade?
France’s main activity in the New World revolved around this type of trade with Native Americans.
Middle Passage was a brutal journey that enslave _____ endured across the ______.
Africans, Atlantic
What is the Aztec Empire?
This Indigenous empire fell to Hernán Cortés.
The encomienda system in the Spanish colonies primarily served to:
A. Foster peaceful coexistence between Spaniards and Indigenous peoples.
B. Provide Spanish settlers with land and Indigenous labor in exchange for religious conversion efforts.
C. Establish Spanish-style representative government in the Americas.
D. Prevent Indigenous peoples from being used as laborers.
B. Provide Spanish settlers with land and Indigenous labor in exchange for religious conversion efforts.
What is the Triangular Trade?
This notorious trade system involved the exchange of goods, enslaved people, and raw materials across the Atlantic.
Bartolomé de las Casas was a _____ missionary spoke out against the ______ of Native Americans.
Spanish, mistreatment
What is the casta system?
Spanish colonists were divided into a strict racial hierarchy called this.
In 1607 ______, the first permanent ______ settlement was founded in this year.
Jamestown, English settlement
The Magna Carta is a document ______ the monarch's power and influenced colonial views of governance, first issued in England in _____.
limited, 1215
What is Potosí (in modern Bolivia)?
Spanish ships carried silver mined in this region, helping to fund their empire but causing massive inflation.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?
This conflict in 1680 was a major Indigenous rebellion against Spanish rule in the American Southwest.
How did the Columbian Exchange most transform Europe?
A. It introduced staple crops like potatoes and corn that supported population growth.
B. It caused widespread economic collapse due to overreliance on American gold.
C. It ended the feudal system and created modern democratic governments.
D. It isolated European nations from the rest of the world.
A. It introduced staple crops like potatoes and corn that supported population growth.
What is the Roanoke Colony?
This early attempt by the English to establish a colony in the Americas mysteriously disappeared.