Legally Blonde
The most important legal decision to establish a free press in the U.S. - this landmark case established the actual malice test.
What is New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)?
This vocab term means: "A framework to help determine what is morally right or wrong, used for guiding actions."
What are ethics?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can...Explain the difference between ethics, morals and laws in under 60 seconds.
BRRR! This phenomenon occurs when journalists or other media producers decide not to publish stories on a topic after a journalist has been punished or jailed for such a story...
What is the chilling effect?
The length of time a news subject is allowed to speak without editing. It also has come to refer to short, catchy or outlandish utterances designed to capture media attention.
What is a sound bite?
This landmark case clarified that intent matters in threatening speech online — a conviction requires proof that the speaker intended to issue a threat.
What is Elonis v. United States (2015)?
This was the first major case limiting prior restraint. The ruling struck down a law that attempted to shut down a newspaper for being "malicious."
What is Near v. Minnesota (1931)?
This key term refers to exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally in advertisements. Legal as long as it's clear the claims are not factual.
What is puffery?
You're lucky they're holding me back! This occurs when the government prevents or blocks the publication, broadcasting, showing, or distribution of media content, whether in print, over the air, in movie theaters, or online.
What is prior restraint?
Leaking information to the press about a proposed plan or idea to see how the public will respond.
What is a trial balloon?
A situation in which governmental laws and policies benefit the majority without concern for the welfare or rights of other groups or individuals.
What is tyranny of the majority?
This landmark case involved one of the few instances in American history where a court issued a preliminary injunction to prevent publication. Though the injunction was later dissolved, the case is still significant for its exploration of the delicate balance between national security and the public's right to know.
What is U.S. v. Progressive (1979)?
This major system of ethical reasoning focuses on the character and virtues of the person acting, such as honesty, courage, and compassion.
What are virtue ethics?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can...Provide 1 principle of a virtue-based ethics system (Must name the actual system, not a scenario in which virtue ethics is applied.)
Fire! Syke, just kidding! Established by Schenck v. United States (1919), the test is used to enforce the most basic restriction on speech that poses a clear risk to safety.
What is the clear and present danger test?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can... List both parts of this test in under 60 seconds.
Secret information deliberately given to journalists with the hope that they will publish the item.
What is a news leak?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can...Explain the difference between a trial balloon and a news leak in under 60 seconds.
A theory of international mass communication that contends authoritarian governments exert direct control over the media.
What is authoritarian theory?
In this landmark case, the Supreme Court outlined 3 criteria for determining whether or not content is obscene.
What is Miller v. California (1973)?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can... List the 3 criteria in 60 seconds or less!
This major system of ethical reasoning is based on following rules or duties, regardless of outcomes.
What are duty-based ethics?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can...Define Kant's Categorical Imperative in under 60 seconds.
Passing this test is the only way public figures and officials can sue for libel. It consists of proving two things.
What is (the) actual malice test?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can... List both parts of the actual malice test in under 60 seconds.
A press, such as colonial newspapers, typically aligned with a particular political party and presenting information to help its cause, with no sense of objectivity or balance in news coverage.
What is the partisan press?
A condition that occurs when dominant groups in society control the mass media, largely through ownership.
What is media hegemony?
This landmark case established that students still lack full First Amendment protection.
What is Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)?
What is consequentialism?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can...Define utilitarianism in under 60 seconds.
Keep it PG! The movie industry established this 1930 code to censor nudity and other antisocial or immoral acts.
What is The Hays Code?
DAILY DOUBLE if you can... Define miscegenation in under 60 seconds.
The notion that the public, as a group, can form shared views or ideas about topics and that these ideas guide the public’s actions.
What is public opinion?
A theory of international mass communication that states that the media should be publicly owned and used to further the needs of the working class.
What is Soviet theory?