What type of measurement records every instance of a behavior?
Event recording
Which dimension of behavior refers to the physical force or intensity of a response?
Magnitude
What type of graph is most commonly used in behavior analysis?
Line graph
Which design introduces the same intervention at different times across behaviors, settings, or subjects?
Multiple baseline
What does "internal validity" refer to in experimental design?
The degree to which changes in behavior are due to the intervention and not other variables.
Which type of time sampling captures whether a behavior occurs at the end of an interval?
Momentary time sampling
What is the difference between topography and magnitude?
Topography describes the form of behavior; magnitude describes the intensity
What component of a graph shows where an intervention was introduced?
Phase change line
Which design gradually changes the criterion for reinforcement?
Changing criterion design
Which design uses baseline reinstatement to confirm a treatment effect?
Reversal design
Scenario: A BCBA tracks how long it takes for a child to begin reading after a teacher says, βTime to read.β What is this called?
Latency
Which is more accurate: partial interval, whole interval, or momentary time sampling?
Momentary time sampling, because it provides the most representative estimate with the least bias under many conditions.
When visually analyzing data, which 3 features are most important?
Level, trend, variability
Scenario: A BCBA uses ABAB to demonstrate treatment effectiveness. What are the key elements that validate this?
Prediction, verification, and replication
Scenario: A new medication was started mid-study and behavior improved. What threat is this?
History
Which continuous measurement system is most appropriate for high-rate behaviors with discrete responses?
Frequency
Scenario: A BCBA switches from discontinuous to continuous measurement due to concerns about underestimating short bursts of aggression. Which dimension is being prioritized?
Temporal extent and accuracy
Scenario: A graph shows stable low responding in baseline, immediate increase in level after treatment, and little variability. What can we conclude?
There is a strong functional relationship between the intervention and behavior.
Scenario: A BCBA rapidly alternates between two treatments to determine which is more effective.
Multielement (alternating treatments) desig
Scenario: The clientβs behavior changes, but no treatment has been applied yet. The change could be due to natural development.
Maturation
A client engages in tantrums lasting up to 20 minutes. What measurement system best captures the full scope of this behavior, and why?
Duration recording β because it measures how long the behavior lasts rather than how often it occurs.
Two RBTs observe the same session and independently record data. Their IOA is 45%. What might be causing the discrepancy?
Poorly defined operational definitions or low observer training.
Whatβs the difference between a cumulative record and a standard line graph?
A cumulative record shows the total number of responses over time and never decreases; a standard line graph shows behavior per session and can go up or down.
Why might a BCBA choose a multiple probe design instead of continuous measurement in a multiple baseline?
To avoid practice effects or unnecessary exposure to baseline conditions.
List 3 threats to internal validity and how to control for them.
History (control external variables), Testing (use consistent procedures), Instrumentation (calibrate tools and observers).