Parts of DNA
The orientation of the two strands of DNA in opposite directions
What is antiparallel?
An organism’s genetic makeup; specifically the combination of genes it has.
What is a genotype?
The most common shapes of bacteria?
What are Cocci, Bacilli, and Spiral
One of the earliest public databases of DNA and RNA sequences
What is GenBank?
This molecule, used in fingerprinting, carries genetic instructions for growth, development, and reproduction.
What is DNA?
This is the Intersection of Law and Science
What is Forensic Science?
This Enzyme is used to “glue” DNA fragments together
What is DNA Ligase
An international collaborative effort to identify all the base pairs of the 24 human chromosomes.
What is the Human Genome Project?
DNA that is NOT coding for proteins
What are introns?
The production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells.
What is biosynthesis?
Simple cell walls rich in peptidoglycan and turn purple?
What is Gram-positive
Process where DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
What is Gene Expression?
This type of biological sample—commonly found at crime scenes—can be used to create a DNA fingerprint.v
What is blood (or saliva, hair,etc.)?
A unique, indelible pattern of ridges and furrows found on the fingertips and other parts of the hands and feet.
What is a Fingerprint?
This method separates DNA fragments based on size
What is Gel Electrophoresis
Merging molecular biology with computer technology
What is Bioinformatics?
Short, newly synthesized DNA fragments produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication
What are Okazaki fragments?
A large international effort to map and sequence the entire human genome
What is the Human Genome Project?
An instrument that produces a brief electrical shock that introduces DNA into the cells without killing them?
What is Electroporation
Process where specific enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences
What is Restriction Enzyme Digestion?
This laboratory technique separates DNA fragments based on size and is commonly used in DNA fingerprinting.
What is gel electrophoresis?
Used to amplify DNA found at a crime scene into an amount that can be analyzed.
What is PCR?
These Proteins cut DNA at specific sequences
What is Restriction enzymes
Cloning, sequencing, and analyzing entire genomes.
What is Genomics?
An enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers
What is RNA primase?
Scientist who discovered the structure of DNA
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
Microbes that live in salty environments
What are Halophiles?
Steps in creating a recombinant DNA molecule
What is…
Isolate DNA
Cut DNA
Join DNA Fragments
Introduce To A Host
Select & Screen Cells?
DNA fingerprinting often focuses on these repeating sequences found in non-coding regions of the genome.
What are short tandem repeats (STRs)?
Used to examine examples that cannot be analyzed by RFLP and STR
What is mitochondrial DNA?
The term for DNA created from combining genes of different organisms.
What is Recombinant DNA
Applies engineering principles and designs to biological systems.
What is Synthetic biology?
An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen bonds; “unzips” DNA
What is helicase?
A theory stating that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein
What is central dogma?
Cells are treated in an ice-cold solution of calcium Chloride followed by a brief heat shock?
What is the Calcium Chloride method?
The three Gene Regulation Processes
What is…
Transcription
RNA Processing
Translation?
This government database stores DNA profiles to help law enforcement identify suspects and solve crimes.
Repeated sequences of between 1 and 100bp.
Uniqueness of an individual’s _____ provides the scientific marker of identity known as a DNA fingerprint
What are VNTR’s? (Variable number tandem repeats?
This government database stores DNA profiles to help law enforcement identify suspects and solve crime
What is CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)?
The general term for the organism that receives and replicates the foreign gene
What is a host cell
The public database of DNA sequences, and contains the National Institutes of Health collection of DNA sequences.
What is GenBank?