🎓 Academic Style
Correct the sentence: The manager, that made the decision, resigned.
The manager, who made the decision, resigned.
Combine: This is the woman. I spoke to her yesterday.
This is the woman whom I spoke to yesterday.
Fill in: The person ______ I depend on is my sister.
The person whom I depend on is my sister.
Fill in: Mr. Harris, ______ is a lawyer, lives nearby.
Mr. Harris, who is a lawyer, lives nearby.
Combine: That’s the place. We stayed there last summer.
That’s the place where we stayed last summer
When do we use whom instead of who?
When it’s the object of the verb: The person whom I met...
Combine with whose: The scientist is famous. His theory changed everything.
The scientist whose theory changed everything is famous.
Make formal: The client who I was working with is important.
The client with whom I was working is important.
Translate: Paris, which I really like, is an ancient city.
Paris, which I really like, is an ancient city.
Combine: He gave me a book. Everyone is talking about it.
He gave me a book which everyone is talking about.
Make it formal: The topic I’m interested in is complex.
The topic in which I’m interested is complex.
Combine: He showed me the email. I asked for the email.
He showed me the email that I asked for.
Translate: Это вопрос, над которым мы работаем.
This is the question we are working on. (formal: on which we are working)
What’s required in non-defining clauses?
Commas and who/which/whose (never that).
Make a sentence with: person / whose advice / we followed
The person whose advice we followed helped us a lot.
Why can't we use that in non-defining clauses?
Because only who, which, or whose are allowed in non-defining clauses.
Combine using of which: I bought a book. The cover of the book is blue.
I bought a book the cover of which is blue.
Rephrase: The issue we talked about was serious. (formal)
The issue about which we talked was serious.
Explain the difference: The book that I bought vs The book, which I bought
With "that" = necessary info; with "which" in commas = extra info.
: When can we omit the relative pronoun? Example?
When it’s an object: The book (that) I read.
Писатель, чьи книги мы обсуждаем, получал Пулитцеровскую премию.
The writer, whose books we are discussing, received the Pulitzer Prize.
Combine: The film was impressive. You recommended it.
The film which you recommended was impressive.
Use “from which” to describe someone’s hometown
The village from which he comes is very small.
Translate: Его машина, которая стоит снаружи, совсем новая.
His car, which is parked outside, is brand new.
Use in which in a sentence with “situation”
It was a situation in which everyone was confused.