Theorizing Gender and Patriarchy
What is the name for the form of marriage practiced by Tibetan brothers who share a wife?
Fraternal polyandry
Anthropologists focus on three phases of economic production, which are ______________
Production, Exchange, Consumption
How did the early theorist, Sir James Frazer, characterize the spiritual beliefs that he documented?
He dismissed them as “false” and “absurd.”
Why might humans be susceptible to obesity based on our ancient history as foraging peoples?
Food shortages among foragers would give a selective advantage to those individuals who could retain body fat.
What was the most common reason Marind community members gave for the apparent effectiveness of the revitalization ritual?
That the corporation-backed representatives were sorcerers themselves, as evidenced by their ecological destruction and manipulative financial practices.
Term used to describe an indigenous Hawaiian person who exists "in the middle," embodying both masculine and famine traits.
Māhū
The social relations through which human labor is used to transform energy from nature using tools, skills, organization, and knowledge, is called ___________
Modes of Production
What is the name for knowledge systems developed over countless generations, based on individual and collectively learned experiences and explanations of the world, verified by elders, and conveyed and guided by experiential learning, and by oral traditions and other means of record keeping?
Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge, or Indigenous Knowledge
The approach that considers health to be the absence of disease or dysfunction, and that disease can be identified as one of the following: a pathogen, malfunction of the body’s processes, or a physiological disorder is the _____________
Biomedical or Biowestern Medical approach
The period (epoch) in geological time in which the effects of human activities have altered the fundamental geochemical cycles of the earth is referred to the
Anthropocene
A two spirit person of the Zuni Pueblo represents a ____________________.
third gender role that is “not man” and “not woman.”
Which mode of production is characterized by subsistence food-getting, egalitarianism, and labor organized on the basis of kinship relations?
Domestic production
Which element of religion offers an explanation for the origin and history of the world?
Cosmology
When an ill person describes the origin of their suffering as coming from a fright or shock, they are using which type of ethno-etiology?
Emotionalistic
Which countries produce the least greenhouse gas emissions per capita, and receive the most harmful effects of global warming?
Global south, third world, former colonies
This set of gender ideologies associated masculinity with risk-taking and the public sphere, excluding women from leadership in early environmental organizations in the U.S.
The "Cult of True Manhood"
Gifts that are given without agreeing upon the exact value of the gift, nor the time frame within which it should be returned, demonstrates __________.
generalized reciprocity.
For Sylvia Federici, the torture inflicted on unwed women and midwives during the 1500s was a result of __________________.
Constructing the body as a site of discipline for the development of capitalism
This group of people was experimented on during the 1940s and 1950s to develop a tuberculosis vaccine.
Inuit communities in Alaska
Indigenous communities in the U.S. suffered intentional destruction crucial subsistence sources when white Euro-American settlers purposely targeted bison for extinction. What is this called?
Ecocide
A belief system developed by those in power to rationalize and perpetuate systems of inequality is called ___________
a legitimizing ideology.
Darjeeling tea companies are marketing their product with labeling practices that appeal to Western consumers. Meanwhile, the workers who pick tea leaves in Darjeeling, India
still work within a highly unequal system in which they rely on plantation owners for pay, food, housing, and medical care.
The Nagol land diving ceremony is a dangerous ritual that is meant to create a sense of communitas or unity. Therefore, it can be described as a __________.
Rite of intensification.
What explains outbreaks of Cholera in the mid-18th century in cities like New York and London?
Cholera is a water-borne bacterial illness resulting from a lack (or destruction) of water treatment infrastructure coupled with dense urban contact.
Brazilian rubber tapping is an example of this form of development
sustainable development