A
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
Double helix
The nitrogenous based adenine can pair with which other base?
Thymine
DNA strands run aniparallel to each other, what does that mean?
They run in opposite directions.
What "m" in mRNA stands for?
messenger
What is called a segment of DNA that contains information about certain trait, for example eye colour?
Gene
Where does transcription process take place?
In the nucleus
What is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence called?
transcription
What is the name of the process of building proteins using the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA)?
translation
What is the full name of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Name 3 parts of a nucleotide.
1. Sugar
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogenous base
Between the two strands of DNA segment, the nitrogenous bases are held together by what type of bonds?
Hydrogen bonds
What type of bond in DNA holds strong, stable bond that holds the nucleotides together within each strand, forming the backbone of the DNA molecule?
Covalent bond
One side of a DNA molecule contains the following sequence of bases:
A T C G G T
Write the complementary sequence of each DNA strand.
T A G C C A
On which molecule is a codon found?
mRNA
What is a process where animals or plants are chosen for reproduction based on specific desirable traits called?
Selective breeding
One side of a DNA molecule contains the following sequence of bases:
A T C G G T
Write the complementary sequence of each RNA strand.
U A G C C A
What are main differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA - is large, double-stranded, forming a double helix, sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
RNA is small, single-stranded, sugar is ribose, uses the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine.
What is a final product of transcription?
mRNA
Where does translation process happen?
in the cytoplasm (ribosomes)
What GMO stands for?
Genetically Modified Organism