States of Matter and Principle Movement
In this state of matter, particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions.
What is a solid?
The phase change where a solid turns directly into a gas without first becoming a liquid.
What is sublimation?
These are the strong forces of attraction within a single molecule, such as covalent or ionic bonds.
What are intramolecular forces?
The attractive force that pulls liquid molecules together at the surface, causing it to minimize its surface area and behave like a stretched skin.
What is surface tension?
To transform a solid into a liquid, this specific phase transition must occur.
What is melting?
In this state of matter, particles are close together but are able to slide past one another.
What is a liquid?
The phase change that occurs when a liquid loses enough energy to transform into a solid.
What is freezing (or solidification)?
These weaker forces of attraction exist between individual molecules, influencing properties like boiling point and viscosity.
What are intermolecular forces?
A liquid's resistance to flow.
What is viscosity?
To convert a liquid into a gas by heating it throughout the entire volume, you must reach this specific temperature.
What is the boiling point?
In this state of matter, particles are far apart, move rapidly, and randomly fill their containter.
What is a gas?
The phase change where a gas transforms directly into a solid, often seen in the formation of frost.
What is deposition?
The attractive force between molecules of different substances, often seen when water sticks to glass.
What is adhesion?
Solids characterized by a highly ordered, repeating three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules
What are crystalline solids?
The process where gas particles spontaneously spread out from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
This type of energy is directly related to the temperature of a substance and the motion of its particles.
What is kinetic energy?
The phase change that requires the input of heat energy to convert a liquid into a gas.
What is vaporization (or boiling)?
The attractive force between molecules of the same substance, responsible for water forming spherical droplets.
What is cohesion?
The existence of an element in two or more different physical forms with different structures and properties, such as carbon existing as diamond and graphite.
What is allotropy?
The process by which gas particles under pressure escape through a tiny opening into a region of lower pressure or a vacuum.
What is effusion?
What happens to the average kinetic energy of particles in a chemical reaction when the temperature is increased?
What is it increases?
The phase change that releases heat energy when a gas cools down and turns into a liquid.
What is condensation?
The general term for the attractive forces that hold atoms or molecules together in any state of matter.
What are attractive forces?
This property of liquids, related to their resistance to flow, generally increases as the strength of intermolecular forces between molecules increases.
What is viscosity?
This law states that the total pressure of a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures?