Sleep as a Psychological Construct
What is sleep classified as in terms of consciousness?
What is a naturally occurring altered state of consciousness?
What tool records brainwave activity during sleep?
What is an EEG (electroencephalograph)?
What type of rhythm repeats roughly every 24 hours?
What is a circadian rhythm?
Which brain structure acts as the 'master clock' for circadian rhythms?
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
What is the term for the cycle of being awake and then asleep?
What is the sleep-wake cycle?
Which two major types of sleep are identified in humans?
What are REM and NREM sleep?
What device records eye movements during sleep?
What is an EOG (electro-oculograph)?
What kind of rhythm involves cycles shorter than 24 hours, such as sleep stages?
What is an ultradian rhythm?
Which hormone is involved in regulating sleep onset?
What is melatonin?
What are distinguishing factors for the adolescent sleep-wake cycle?
Approximately 8-10 hours of sleep, more likely to have trouble going to sleep early and more likely to wake up late.
Which stage of sleep is most commonly associated with dreaming?
What is REM sleep?
What does an EMG measure during sleep studies?
Detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the muscles.
How many stages are in NREM sleep?
What are three (Stages 1–3)?
Where is melatonin secreted from?
What is the pineal gland?
Outline the process that leads to the release of melatonin.
Low levels of light, picked up by the SCN, which signals to the pineal gland to release melatonin.
How does NREM sleep typically change throughout the night?
What is it becomes lighter and decreases in duration over successive cycles?
What is a non-invasive behavioural method to monitor sleep patterns at home?
What is a sleep diary.
What factors influence melatonin production?
Factors like light exposure influence melatonin production, which affects sleep onset.
What external cue helps regulate circadian rhythms by signalling light and dark?
What is light (zeitgeber)?
What is a common consequence of disruption to the sleep-wake cycle?
What is sleep deprivation or fatigue?
What distinguishes REM sleep from NREM sleep in terms of physiological features?
What is REM has rapid eye movements, low muscle tone, and brain activity similar to wakefulness?
What technique uses cameras to observe physical behaviours during sleep?
What is video monitoring?
Which stage of sleep is characterised by high-levels of brain activity, similar to being awake and very low level of movement in the body?
REM
How does the SCN respond to light exposure?
What is it inhibits melatonin release, delaying sleep onset?
How many hours of sleep deprivation leads to a limitation of affective, behavioural and cognitive functioning similar to a BAC of 0.1?
What is 24 hours +?