Movement
What is the term for the bending of a joint?
Flexion
What is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
The high-energy molecule that fuels all muscular activity.
List the three primary macronutrients
What is intrinsic motivation?
Motivation driven by internal rewards like pride or enjoyment.
What is the Endocrine system
A system of glands that releases hormones into bloodstream to regulate various body functions
In which anatomical plane does a bicep curl primarily occur?
Sagittal plane
What is the Krebs cycle?
A part of aerobic respiration that produces ATP in the mitochondria using oxygen, fats, and carbohydrates.
What are the three primary energy systems?
According to the Inverted-U Theory, what psychological factor affects performance based on its level?
Arousal
What is the primary function of testosterone?
Testosterone plays a crucial role in muscle growth, bone density, and oxygen transport.
What type of muscle contraction involves no change in muscle length?
Isometric contraction
Why is the oxidative system more efficient than the glycolytic system?
The oxidative system yields 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, while the glycolytic system only produces 2 ATP molecules.
What are saturated fats?
A type of fat that should be limited for cardiovascular health.
What part of the nervous system activates the “fight or flight” response?
Sympathetic nervous system
What is the feedback mechanisms in hormone secretion
Feedback mechanisms regulate hormone secretion to ensure levels are kept within a certain range.
What is the name for the muscle that opposes the action of the agonist?
Antagonist
What is the oxygen deficit?
The difference between oxygen required and oxygen consumed during the initial stages of exercise.
What causes hyponatremia?
Excess water intake that dilutes sodium levels in the blood.
What is imagery
A mental technique that involves rehearsing a performance in your head.
How do insulin and glucagon work together?
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them, maintaining stable glucose levels in the blood.
What is learned helplessness?
A psychological condition where an athlete believes they have no control over outcomes and gives up trying.
What is the role of creatine phosphate (PC) in the ATP-PC system?
It donates a phosphate to ADP to rapidly resynthesize ATP.
What are vitamins?
Organic compounds needed in small amounts for metabolic reactions.
What is social learning theory?
The theory that learning occurs through observing and imitating others.
Why does estrogen increase the risk of joint injuries?
Estrogen increases ligament laxity, making joints more flexible but less stable, which raises the risk of injuries.