Cardiology
What class of antihypertensives is recommended as first-line therapy in patients with diabetes and albuminuria?
A. Calcium channel blockers
B. Thiazide diuretics
C. ACE inhibitors or ARBs
D. Beta-blockers
C. ACE inhibitors or ARBs
What is the first-line vasopressor in septic shock?
A. Dopamine
B. Epinephrine
C. Phenylephrine
D. Norepinephrine
D. Norepinephrine ✅
What does a 95% confidence interval that includes 1 in a risk ratio indicate?
A. The result is statistically significant
B. The sample size is too large
C. The result is not statistically significant
D. There is a strong positive association
C. The result is not statistically significant ✅
What is the standard treatment duration for uncomplicated cystitis in women with nitrofurantoin?
A. 3 days
B. 5 days
C. 7 days
D. 10 days
B. 5 days ✅
In a non-inferiority trial, which of the following statements best defines the non-inferiority margin?
Options:
1- The minimum p-value required to declare non-inferiority
2- The maximum clinically acceptable difference by which the new treatment can be worse than the standard
3- The absolute risk reduction required to show superiority
4- The range of confidence intervals around the null effect
✅ B. The maximum clinically acceptable difference by which the new treatment can be worse than the standard
Which beta-blockers are preferred in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
A. Atenolol, propranolol
B. Bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol succinate
C. Labetalol, nebivolol
D. Metoprolol tartrate, nadolol
B. Bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol succinate
What is the goal mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the initial resuscitation of septic shock?
A. ≥60 mmHg
B. ≥65 mmHg
C. ≥70 mmHg
D. ≥75 mmHg
B. ≥65 mmHg ✅
In an RCT, what method ensures neither participants nor researchers know the treatment groups?
A. Allocation concealment
B. Double-blinding
C. Intention-to-treat analysis
D. Stratified randomization
B. Double-blinding ✅
What is the recommended treatment for MRSA pneumonia in critically ill patients?
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Piperacillin-tazobactam
C. Linezolid or vancomycin
D. Amoxicillin-clavulanate
C. Linezolid or vancomycin ✅
Which antithrombotic strategy is recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation and stable coronary artery disease (>1 year after PCI), according to the 2020 ESC guidelines?
1- Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) indefinitely
2- Oral anticoagulant plus aspirin
3- Oral anticoagulant alone
4- Aspirin monotherapy
✅ C. Oral anticoagulant alone
What is the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2021 recommendation on the use of balanced crystalloids vs normal saline for fluid resuscitation in sepsis?
1- Normal saline is preferred due to better availability
2- Balanced crystalloids are preferred to reduce risk of AKI
3- No difference; both can be used interchangeably
4- Albumin should be used first-line
✅ B. Balanced crystalloids are preferred to reduce risk of AKI
What does ‘intention-to-treat’ (ITT) analysis ensure in a randomized controlled trial?
A. Only participants who completed the treatment are analyzed
B. Participants are analyzed according to their original group allocation regardless of protocol adherence
C. Participants who dropped out are excluded from analysis
D. Only per-protocol population is analyzed
B. Participants are analyzed according to their original group allocation regardless of protocol adherence ✅
Which antiviral is recommended as first-line for severe CMV infection in immunocompromised patients?
A. Acyclovir
B. Valacyclovir
C. Ganciclovir
D. Oseltamivir
C. Ganciclovir ✅