Foundations
Describe what the Neolithic Revolution was.
the shift from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled farming societies
Name one classical civilization.
What is feudalism?
a system where a lord (like a king or nobleman) granted land to vassals (lower-ranking nobles) in exchange for loyalty and military service
What was the Renaissance?
"Rebirth" of classical learning and art
What is absolutism?
a political system where one ruler has total power and authority over a country
Name one river where the early river societies were located.
Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, Huang He
What type of government did Athens have?
Democracy
What was the name of the war between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land?
The Crusades
This Renaissance idea focused on individual achievement, the study of classical texts, and the value of human potential.
Humanism
What was the Protestant Reformation?
The printing press
What was irrigation used for?
growing crops and maintaining landscapes
What modern-day country did the Gupta Empire exist?
India
Which group dominated life, providing education, hospitals, and law?
The Catholic Church
Name one classical civilization that influenced Renaissance thinkers.
Greece, Rome
The Scientific Revolution caused people to use ____ rather than ____ to explain the world.
science, religion
What was Hammurabi’s Code?
a code of law from ancient Babylon in Mesopotamia -- “an eye for an eye.”
How did Hellenistic Culture spread around the Mediterranean?
The influence of Alexander the Great
What was the name of the largest empire of all time?
The Mongolian Empire
In which country did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
Which famous artist studied the human body through observation and dissection?
Leonardo da Vinci
Why was the Neolithic Revolution a turning point?
surplus food production, the growth of larger populations, and the development of complex societies and civilizations.
What is the name of the "Golden Age" of Rome?
Pax Romana
What event caused the world to plummet into the "Dark Ages"?
Explain how the Renaissance helped Europe move out of the “Dark Ages.”
By reviving learning, science, and the arts, and encouraging new thinking
What new idea proposed by Galileo challenged the Catholic Church?
Heliocentrism