Ancient Civilizations
This river valley civilization, known for its pharaohs and pyramids, developed hieroglyphics.
What is Ancient Egypt?
This empire, founded by Cyrus the Great, stretched from Greece to India and was known for its satraps and Royal Road.
What is the Persian Empire?
This political and social system in medieval Europe involved lords, vassals, and serfs.
What is feudalism?
This intellectual movement emphasized human potential and achievements, focusing on classical Greek and Roman texts.
What is humanism?
This navigational tool, which allowed sailors to determine their latitude, was crucial for long-distance voyages.
What is the astrolabe?
The Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest written legal codes, originated in this Mesopotamian civilization.
What is Babylonia (or Mesopotamia)?
The Parthenon, democracy, and philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are associated with this classical civilization.
What is Ancient Greece?
These religious wars, fought between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land, lasted for nearly 200 years.
What are the Crusades?
This German monk's 95 Theses, posted in 1517, sparked a major religious upheaval in Europe.
Who is Martin Luther?
This exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Old World and the New World after 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This civilization, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, is often called the "Cradle of Civilization" due to its early innovations like the wheel and cuneiform.
What is Sumer?
This empire built extensive road networks, the Colosseum, and spread its law and language throughout Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.
What is the Roman Empire?
This deadly pandemic, which swept across Europe in the 14th century, led to significant social and economic changes.
What is the Black Death (or Bubonic Plague)?
This invention by Johannes Gutenberg greatly increased literacy and the spread of new ideas.
What is the printing press?
This Portuguese prince sponsored voyages of exploration, leading to advancements in navigation and mapping.
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
The Mandate of Heaven and the dynastic cycle were key concepts in the political philosophy of this ancient civilization.
What is Ancient China?
This Indian empire, founded by Chandragupta Maurya, was known for its Buddhist emperor Ashoka and its widespread trade.
What is the Mauryan Empire?
This empire, the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, preserved Greek and Roman learning for centuries and was known for its capital, Constantinople.
What is the Byzantine Empire?
This artistic and cultural "rebirth" in Europe saw masterpieces by artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
What is the Renaissance?
This Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico.
Who is Hernán Cortés?
This early river valley civilization, known for its advanced urban planning and plumbing, mysteriously disappeared around 1900 BCE.
What is the Indus Valley Civilization (or Harappan Civilization)?
The Han Dynasty, which invented paper and developed the Silk Road, is considered a "golden age" for this classical empire.
What is Imperial China?
This West African kingdom, renowned for its gold and salt trade, was ruled by Mansa Musa, who made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca.
What is the Kingdom of Mali?
The Council of Trent was a key part of this Catholic Church's response to the Protestant challenge.
What is the Counter-Reformation (or Catholic Reformation)?
This economic theory emphasized that a nation's power was dependent on its wealth, leading to the establishment of colonies to acquire raw materials and markets.
What is mercantilism?