Industrial Revolution Basics
What is a revolution?
A major and sudden change
Why were children forced to work during the Industrial Revolution?
Families needed extra money
A place where goods are mass-produced by machines
Factory
Where was gold discovered in 1886?
Witwatersrand
Who was Captain Swing?
A fictional name used in letters warning landowners about protests
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Britain
What is child labour?
When children are made to work, often in bad conditions
What is the term for not having enough money or basic needs?
Poverty
What’s one reason mine owners wanted migrant workers?
Cheap labour / easy to control
What is a Randlord?
wealthy mine owner on the Rand
What fuel powered many machines during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal
Name one job children did during the Industrial Revolution.
Coal mining / working in factories
Give one example of poor living conditions in city slums.
Overcrowding / no clean water / disease
Why did women suffer in rural areas?
They had to farm alone and couldn't cope, leading to poverty
What is a compound (in the context of migrant labour)?
A closed living area where migrant workers were forced to stay, often without their families.
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A time when machines replaced hand labour to produce goods faster
Name two poor working conditions faced by workers.
Long hours, unsafe machinery, no breaks
Who were the working class?
People who did hard jobs and lived in poor areas
What was the Hut Tax?
A tax African men had to pay, often forcing them to work in mines
What is a trade union?
A group that fights for workers’ rights
Name one reason Britain became powerful during the Industrial Revolution.
Industrial growth / wealth from trade and colonies
How did workers resist poor conditions?
Formed trade unions / went on strike
What is urbanisation?
Moving from rural areas to cities
How could men reduce their Hut Tax?
Work six months in the year
What is a Uitlander?
A foreigner, especially British settlers in the Transvaal