Endocrine
Which are the microvascular complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Neuropathy
•Pins and needles, numbness, tingling
•Increased risk for diabetic foot ulcers leading to amputation
Retinopathy
•Leading cause of blindness
Nephropathy
•Leads to chronic kidney disease, renal failure, then dialysis
Restoring homeostasis by reversing the deviation from the normal condition is what type of feedback
Negative feedback
Why is antibiotic administered after an open fracture
to prevent infection
Examples of Autosomal dominant disease
Marfan Syndrome and Huntington’s Disease
Local signs of infection are
•Redness
•Warmth
•Swelling
•Pain
•Exudate
High blood sugar (300+)Dehydration, Electrolyte imbalance, Neurological deficits, Kussmauls Respirations, fruity breath, Ketonuria, Metabolic acidosis (and hyperkalemia)
DKA
SIADH is characterized by
Increased level of ADH, which results in low urine output, fluid retention
Which disease is characterized by erosion of articular cartilage
Osteoarthritis
Examples of autosomal recessive disorder
cystic fibrosis and sickle cell
Examples of type I hypersensitivity reaction
•Allergic reactions: Hay fever, Food allergies, asthma, anaphylaxis
What is glycosylated hemoglobin?
A1C
suppressed immune response is characteristic of which endocrine disorder
Cushing syndrome
To prevent injury a patient with peripheral neuropathy should
wear closed-toed shoes, declutter space, examine the feet regularly
Examples of X linked recessive disorder
Color blindness
•Duchenne muscular dystrophy
•Hemophilia A
Examples of type II hypersensitivity reaction
• Cytotoxic reactions: Blood Incompatibility
Is irritability sign of hyper or hypoglycemia?
Hypoglycemia
Addison's disease is characterized by
Increased skin pigmentation, decreased blood pressure, and increased weight loss
What is compartment syndrome?
Swelling in the fascia, that causes compression on blood vessels and nerves, and impairs perfusion
Examples of X linked dominant disorder
Fragile X syndrome
Examples of type III hypersensitivity reaction
•Immune Complex: Autoimmune disease: Lupus, Glomerulonephritis, Rheumatoid arthritis
S/S of Addison's disease include
Decreased blood glucose levels, Poor stress response, Fatigue, low blood pressure, Weight loss and decreased appetite, Hyperpigmentation, Frequent infections
Which lab value is increased in Grave's disease
T3 and T4
Life threatening complication after fracture, surgery, C-section
Pulmonary embolism
If a parent is affected with AD disorder what is the probability the child to be affected
50% probability
Examples of type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Contact sensitivity to poison ivy and metals (jewelry)