quotes
"I came, I saw, I conquered."
(Veni, vidi, vici.)
Julis Caesar
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered this global conflict lasting until 1918.
World War I
This German monk’s 1517 publication of the Ninety-Five Theses is widely considered the spark that ignited the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
The Enlightenment was a major intellectual movement in the 18th century that emphasized tradition and religious authority. It inspired many political revolutions across Europe.
The Enlightenment emphasized reason and individualism, not tradition and religious authority.
This art style, characterized by dramatic use of light and emotion, flourished during the Counter-Reformation to inspire faith.
Baroque
"Let them eat cake"
Marie Antoinette
In which year did the Battle of Waterloo take place, marking the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte?
1815
This astronomer’s heliocentric theory revolutionized scientific thought during the Renaissance.
Nicolaus Copernicus
The Counci of Trent in 1815 ended the Napoleonic Wars and restored peace to Europe.
The 1815 treaty ending the Napoleonic Wars was the Congress of Vienna agreements.
This Italian city is often considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, thanks in part to the patronage of the Medici family.
Florence
Not by speeches and votes of the majority, are the great questions of the time decided … but by iron and blood.
Otto von Bismarck
In which year did the Protestant Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses, begin?
1517
This French military leader crowned himself Emperor in 1804 and led Europe into a series of wars lasting until 1815.
Napoleon Bonaparte
During the Age of Discovery, Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492 and discovered the sea route to India, opening direct trade between Europe and Asia.
Columbus did not discover a sea route to India; he reached the Americas, while the sea route to India was found by Vasco da Gama.
This economic transformation, beginning in Britain and spreading across Europe in the 19th century, was marked by the rise of factories, urbanization, and new social classes.
the Industrial Revolution
"This is not a .......... It is an .............. for twenty years."
Marshal Ferdinand Foch
"This is not a peace. It is an armistice for twenty years."
Marshal Ferdinand Foch
On what date was the United States Declaration of Independence officially adopted by the Second Continental Congress?
July 4, 1776
This religious order, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, became a leading force in the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
the Jesuits (Society of Jesus)
In 1861, this Russian Tsar Alxander I emancipated the serfs, freeing millions from feudal obligations.
In 1861, this Russian Tsar Alxander II emancipated the serfs, freeing millions from feudal obligations.
This practice, criticized by Martin Luther, involved the Church accepting money in exchange for forgiveness of sins.
the sale of indulgences
"And yet it moves,"
Galileo Galilei
On what date was Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria assassinated, an event that triggered World War I?
June 28, 1914
This Austrian statesman was the chief architect of the post-Napoleonic balance of power and a leading figure at the Congress of Vienna.
Klemens von Metternich
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed on June 7, 1494, was an agreement between Britain and France to divide newly discovered lands outside Europe. It established a line of demarcation granting France rights to lands east of the line and Britain rights to lands west of it. This treaty shaped the colonial boundaries in the New World for centuries to come.
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed on June 7, 1494, was an agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide newly discovered lands outside Europe. It established a line of demarcation granting Portugal rights to lands east of the line and Spain rights to lands west of it. This treaty shaped the colonial boundaries in the New World for centuries to come.
This 1805 naval battle ensured British control of the seas during the Napoleonic Wars.
the Battle of Trafalgar