Research Methods
What is the difference between an IV and DV in an experiment
IV - The variable you manipulate
DV - Variable that you measure
Who completed research using a line test to assess conformity
Solomon Asch
Name one model of memory
Either
WMM of MSM
What is attachment?
Attachment is a close emotional bond between a child and their caregiver
What is a phobia?
An irrational and persistent fear of an object, situation, or activity.
What is a control group in an experiment?
A control group doesn't receive the experimental treatment. They are used as a comparison to measure the effect of the IV
Name one factor that increases conformity
group size, unanimity, or task difficulty.
Name three stores in the MSM model of memory
Sensory memory (register), STM, LTM
Greyley goose
What is one emotional symptom of depression
Feeling persistently sad or in a low mood
Why would you use random sampling in research?
To make the sample representative of the population, reducing sampling bias
Who carried out the famous obedience study involving electric shocks?
Stanley Milgram
What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller’s research?
About 7 ± 2 items
Who conducted the “Strange Situation” study to investigate attachment types?
Mary Ainsworth
Name one behavioural symptom of OCD
Repeating a behaviour or ritual, such as excessive hand washing.
How would you reference the following book:
AQA Psychology for A-Level, by Cara Flanagan. Published in 2020, by Illuminate Publishing, London
Flanagan, C. (2020) AQA Psychology for A-Level. London: Illuminate Publishing.
when a smaller group or individual influences the majority to change their beliefs or behaviour.
Explain the difference between proactive interference and retroactive interference in forgetting.
Proactive interference occurs when old memories interfere with the ability to learn or recall new information.
Retroactive interference happens when new information disrupts the recall of previously learned information.
Who conducted the most well-known meta-analysis on attachment?
Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg
Explain the cognitive explanation for depression.
The cognitive explanation suggests that depression is caused by negative thought patterns and cognitive biases, such as faulty thinking, negative self-schemas, and the negative triad (negative views about the self, world, and future), as proposed by Aaron Beck.
Explain the difference between internal and external validity
Internal - Whether the results of the study are due to the manipulation of the IV
External - How can we generalise the findings to other people, settings or times.
Discuss the role of ISI and NSI in explaining conformity
ISI - conform due to believing others have more knowledge especially in an ambiguous situation
NSI - Conform to fit in or be liked and accepted by the group
Give two evaluation points about the WMM by Baddeley and Hitch
Supporting evidence from dual task studies
CE is poorly understood and more complext than described
More detailed than the MSM - Explains how we process different types of info in the STM
Explain the concept of the internal working model in attachment
Mental representations of relationships formed in childhood (based on interactions with the primary care giver) influence a persons future relationships (trust, security, attachment)
What is the diathesis-stress model of mental disorders
The interaction between a genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors