Cells
What part of the cell controls what goes in and out?
The cell membrane.
What gas is needed for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
Which nutrient gives you the most energy?
Carbohydrate
What are the tiny air sacs in the lungs called?
Alveoli
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Leonardo Da Vinci.
Which part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll?
The chloroplast.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
What mineral is needed to make strong bones and teeth?
Calcium
Name two features of alveoli that make them good for gas exchange.
Large surface area, thin walls, and good blood supply.
What fruit do raisins come from?
Grapes!
Name two parts found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Cell wall and chloroplast (or vacuole).
Why does anaerobic respiration cause muscle fatigue?
Because lactic acid builds up, which lowers pH and affects enzyme activity in muscle cells.
Explain how to calculate someone’s BER (Basic Energy Requirement).
BER = 5.4 × body mass (kg), and can be adjusted depending on activity level.
Explain how the diaphragm and ribs move when you inhale.
The diaphragm contracts and moves down; ribs move up and out to increase chest volume and let air in.
The first vaccine developed for was for which disease?
Smallpox.
Explain the difference between a tissue and an organ, giving an example of each in plants.
Tissue - a group of specialised cells working together to perform a function (e.g. palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll).
Organ - a group of tissues working together to perform a similar function. (e.g. leaf, root).
Compare anaerobic respiration in yeast and in human muscle cells.
Yeast produces ethanol and CO₂; humans produce lactic acid. Yeast fermentation is useful for baking and brewing.
Why do infants need a higher protein proportion in their diet than adults?
For rapid growth and development of body tissues and enzymes.
How does the difference in oxygen concentration between alveoli and blood drive gas exchange?
Oxygen diffuses from high concentration in alveoli to low concentration in blood plasma by passive diffusion.
Who won men's Wimbledon Tennis 2025?
Jannik Sinner
Why do muscle cells contain more mitochondria than skin cells?
Because muscle cells need more energy for contraction, which is released by mitochondria during respiration.
Why is energy released in small steps during respiration rather than all at once?
To avoid overheating and to allow controlled release for cell activities.
Describe how the structure of a villus makes absorption efficient.
Thin walls, large surface area, capillaries, and lacteals allow quick diffusion and transport of nutrients.
How does emphysema affect breathing and energy levels?
Alveoli are destroyed, reducing surface area, making gas exchange less efficient — causing shortness of breath and fatigue.
What's the largest organ in human?
Skin.